UNITED DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES COURT OF TAX APPEALS QUEZON CITY THIRD DIVISION UNITED DISTRIBUTION C.T.A. Case No. 7885 MANAGEMENT, INC., Petitioner, - v e rsus- Members: Bautista , Chairperson Palanca-Enriquez, Cotangco-Manalastas, JJ. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL Promulgated: SEP2Lt 2012 REVENUE, Respondent. _ x-------------------------------------- ~~~~/~~~ x- 0 DECISION COTANGCO-MANALASTAS, J. : Before Us is a Peti tion for Review tiled on March 20, 2009, seek ing the cance ll ation and withdrawal of the assessment issued against petitioner for alleged deficiency final tax including interest, surch arges and compromise penalty, in the amount of P 1,675,034.65 for taxab le year 2004. FACTS Petitioner Un ited Di stribution Management, Inc. is a domestic corporation duly organi zed and ex isting und er Philippine law, with principal office at 497 President Quirino Avenue corner Zulueta Street, Malate, Manila. 1 On the other hand , respondent is the duly appo inted Commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Reve nue (BIR) vested under the app rop ri ate laws wit h the authority to carry out the functions , duties and responsibilities of said office, i - including, inter alia. the power to decide disputed assessments, cancel and abate tax 1 Exhib it " A" ; Par. I , Admitted Facts, Joint Stipu lation of Facts and Iss ues (JSF I), docket, p. 76 .

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 liabilities pursuant to the provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997 and other tax laws, rules and regulations. On January 26, 2008, petitioner received Assessment Notice No . 34-2004, with an attached letter bearing Demand No. 34-2004, both dated January 23, 20042, signed by Mr. Alfredo Misajon, Regional Director of Revenue Region No. 6, Manila, assessing petitioner deficiency income tax , value-added tax (VAT), documentary stamp tax (DST) and final tax in the total amount of P33 ,779,639.11 , inclusive of interest, surcharges and penalties.3 The deficienc y taxes and penalties were computed as follow s:4 Income BAS IC TAX INTEREST SURCHARGE COMPROM ISE TOTAL VAT PENALTY DST p 15,617 ,006 .85 p 8,676 ,0 12.54 20,000.00 p 50,000 .00 P24 ,343,0 19.39 Final Tax 4 ,745,435. 17 2,847,261.10 222,983.72 25 ,000.00 7 ,617 ,696 .27 Total 50,000 .00 48,888.80 242 ,983 .72 25 ,000.00 143 ,888.80 891 ,934 .87 540, 116 .06 20,000.00 I ,675 ,034.65 p 120 ,000 .00 P2 1,304,3 76.89 P 12, I 12,278.50 P33 ,779,639. 11 Petitioner filed a Protest and Repl y to the Assessment Notice on February 22 , 2008, stating, among others, that petitioner availed of the tax amnesty on October 26, 2007, pursuant to the provisions of Republic Act (RA) No. 9480. 5 On February 27, 2009, petitioner received from the BIR a letter dated February I0, 2009, informing petitioner that its 2004 deficiency assessment for fin al tax amounting to PI ,675 ,034.65 will be forwarded to the Collection Division of Revenue Region No. 6 for enforcement of collection.6 Petitioner, through counsel , also recei ved on March 19, 2009 an undated letter acknowledging petitioner's availment of the tax amnesty and confirming the { 2 Per allegations in th e JSFI , but is ac tua ll y dated January 23 , 2008. > Par. 3, Admitted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 77. 4 Par. 4 , Admitted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 77 5 Ex hibit " E" ; Par. 5, Admitted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 77. 6 Par. 6, Admitted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 78 .

DECIS ION CTA CASE NO. 7885 cancellation of the deficiency income tax , VAT and DST assessments for 2004, but stressing that the deficiency final tax assessment is not covered by the tax amnesty. 7 Inasmuch as respondent reiterated on ly the assessment for final tax and cancelled the other assessments for deficiency income tax , VAT and DST, petitioner deemed it a partial denial of its protest. 8 Accordingly, petitioner appealed the partial denial of its protest of the assessment for deficiency final tax by filing the instant Petition for Review on March 20, 2009. Respondent filed her Answer9 on April 27, 2009, interposing the following defenses: "9. The assessment is va Iid a nd correct and the petitioner has the burden of proof to impugn its va lidity (Behn Meyer and Co. vs. Collector of Internal Revenue, 27 Phil. 647). Thus, simi larly held , tax assessments by examiners are presumed correct and made in good faith and the taxpayer has the duty to prove otherwise. (Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Construction Resources of Asia, Inc., 145 SCRA 671 ); and assessments duly made by a BIR examiner and approved by her superior officers wi ll not be disturbed (Gutierrez vs. Villegas. 8 SCRA 547). I0. The burden of proof is on the taxpayer contesting the validity or correctness of an assessme nt to prove not on ly that the Commissioner of Interna l Reven ue is wrong but a lso that the taxpayer is right (Tan Guan vs. Court of Tax Appeals, et. a/., 19 SCRA 903 [ 1967]; Collector ofInternal Revenue vs. Bohol Land Tramporlation Co., I 07 Phil. 967 [1960]). II. Pursuant to Section 222 of the Tax Code of 199 7, in the case of a false or fraudulent return with intent to evade tax or of failure to file a return, the tax may be assessed at anytime within ten (I 0) years after the discovery of the fa lsity, fraud or omission." ~ 7 Exhibit " G"; Par. 7, Adm itted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 78. 8 Par. 8, Admitted Facts, JSFI , docket, p. 78. 9 Docket, pp. 42-45.

DECISION CT A CASE NO. 7885 The case was then set for Pre-Trial Conference on May 15 , 2009. 10 Petitioner filed its Pre-Trial Brief11 on May 12, 2009; while Respondent 's Pre-trial Brief12 was filed on May 14, 2009. On June 15 , 2009, the parties filed with this Court their Joint Stipulation of Facts and Issues 13; which was later approved in a Resolution 14 dated June 18 , 2009. In the same Resolution , the Pre-Trial Conference was terminated. Trial proceeded , giving both parties the opportunity to present their respective documentary and testimonial evidence. Petitioner presented and formally offered Exhibits "A" to "EE-l ", which were admitted pursuant to this Court's Resolution 15 dated November 9, 2010. Petitioner also formally offered as part of its documentary evidence Exhibits "FF" to "QQ- 1", which were admitted as per this Court's Reso lution 16 dated February 14, 2012. On the other hand , respondent presented and formally offered Exhibits " I" to "27", which were admitted pursuant to this Court's Reso lution 17 dated June 22, 2011 . Subsequently, respondent's Memorandum 18 was submitted on March 19, 2012; while petitioner's Memorandum was filed through registered mail on April 20, J- 2012. 19 Accordingly, the case was submitted for decision on April 30, 2012. 20 10 Docket, p. 50. 11 Docket, pp. 58-66. 12 Docket, pp. 67-70. 13 Docket, pp. 76-80. 14 Docket, p. 81 . 15 Docket, pp. 401-402 . 16 Docket, pp. 527 -5 28. 17 Docket, pp. 469-470 . 18 Docket, pp. 529-540. 19 Docket, pp. 577-609. 20 Docket, p. 6 I I.

DEC ISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 ISSUES The parti es submitted the following issues21 for thi s Co urt 's di spos ition: I. Whether respondent ' s ri ght to assess petitioner for a ll eged defici ency withho lding tax for taxabl e year 2004 has presc ribed; 2. Wheth er or not petitioner decl ared di vidends to its stockholders for taxa bl e year 2004 ; 3. Whether or not Assess ment No. 34-2004 dated Janu ary 23, 2008 for defici ency final tax in the amount of PI ,6 75,034.65 was va lidl y iss ued ; and 4. Whether or not petiti one r IS liabl e for withho lding tax of PI ,675 ,034.65 on dividend s. DI SCUSSION/RUL ING Since th e fore going issues are interre lated , the Co urt sha ll reso lve them s i m u l t a ne o u s ly. Petitione r alleged that the subj ect assess ment was not validl y issued considerin g that res pond ent onl y has three (3) years, reckoned from the date of actu al filin g o f th e return or from the last date prescribed by law for the filin g of such return, whichever comes later, within which to assess nation a l interna l revenue taxes. Here, the w ithho lding tax return for petiti oner's purported payme nt of di v idends should have bee n fil ed on Janua ry 15, 200 5 pursuant to Secti on 2.5 8 of Reve nue Regul ati ons No . 2-98 . Counting from said date, respondent had until Janu ary 15 , 2008 to assess petitioner for any deficiency final withholding taxes. Since the di sputed Assessment Notice N o. 34-2 004, with an attac hed letter bearin g De mand N o. 34 -2004, was rece ived by petiti one r on January 26, 2008 , petiti oner co ncluded that the assessment V was issued beyond the three-year prescripti ve peri od.22 21 Docket, pp. 79-80. 22 Docket, pp. 556-557 .

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 On the other hand , respondent averred that its right to assess petitioner for its 2004 deficiency final withholding tax has not yet prescribed inasmuch as it has ten (10) years from the discovery of the falsity, fraud or omission in the filing of petitioner's final withholding tax return within which to assess as prescribed under Section 222(a) of the NIRC of 1997. It must be noted that there is nothing in the records which would show that petitioner filed a return for the final withholding tax on payments to stockholders treated as dividends subject to final tax. In fact, petitioner argued that it did not file a return corresponding to the final withholding tax on the alleged declared dividends because it did not declare or pay cash di vidends durin g taxable yea r 2004. Consequently, the applicable prescriptive period here is the ten- year period to assess from discovery of the falsity , fraud or omission provided in Section 222(a) of the NIRC of 1997, which states: "SEC. 222. Exceptions as to Period of Limitation of Assessment and Collection of Taxes.- (a) In the case of a false or fraudulent return with intent to evade tax or of fa ilure to fil e return , t he tax may be assessed, or a proceeding in co urt for th e co ll ection of s uch tax may be fil ed without assess ment, at a ny tim e w it hin te n (10) yea rs after t he d iscovery of t he fals ity, fraud or o missio n: Provided, That in a fraud assessment which has become final and executory, the fact of fraud shall be judicially taken cognizance of in the civil or criminal action for the collection thereof." (Emphasis supplied) It must be pointed out that the actual date of discovery of such omission was not established. However, since the taxable year subject of the assessment is year 2004, and the notice of assessment was issued on January 23, 2008, or after only approximately four (4) years, it is clear that the assessment for deficienc y final /---

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 withholding tax was issued within 10 years after the discovery of the falsity, fraud or omission. Thus, said assessment has not prescribed. Petitioner asserted that the assessment lacks factual and legal basis considering that petitioner did not declare or pay cash di vidends to its stockholders during taxable year 2004. Respondent countered that the payments made in 2004 to Mr. Enrique Fernandez, who practically owned the corporation, are deemed distribution of dividends to a stockho lder. Likewise, the interest payments to Mr. Fernandez were not subjected to final withholding tax . Perusal of Assessment Notice No. 34-200423, Letter of Demand with Demand No. 34-2004 24 and its Details of Discrepancy 25 would show that petitioner was assessed by respondent for deficiency final tax under Section 24 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended, subjecting both petitioner's payments to stockholders and interest payments made to them to final tax of ten percent (1 0%). Notably, in the Memorandum Report26 submitted by Revenue Officer Betty B. Es plana, it was mentioned that the payments made and interest paid to Mr. Fernandez were treated as dividends subject to 10% final tax . Respondent applied the 10% final tax on dividends found under Section 24(B)(2) of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended, the pertinent portion of which reads: "SEC. 24. Income Tax Rates. - XXX XXX XXX (B) Rate of Tax on Ce rtain Passive Income. - ~ 23 Ex hibit " 19". 24 Exhibit " 18". 25 Exhibit " 17". 26 Exhibit " 15".

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 XXX XXX XXX (2) Cash and/or Property Dividends. - A final tax at the following rates shall be imposed upon the cash and/or property dividends actually or constructively received by an individual from a domestic corporation or from a joint stock company, insurance or mutual fund companies and regional operating headquarters of multinational companies, or on the share of an indi vidua l in the distributable net income after tax of a partnership (except a genera l pro fessional partnership) of which he is a partner, or on the share of an individual in the net income after tax of an association, a joint account, or a joint venture or consortium taxable as a corporation of which he is a member or co-venturer: XXX XXX XXX Ten percent (10%) beginning January 1, 2000." (Emphasis supplied) Under the circumstances, the Court further cites Section 57(A) of the NIRC of 1997, as amended , which requires the withholding by the payor of the income provided under Section 24(8)(2) of the same Code. Section 57(A) of the NIRC of 1997 states as follows: " SEC. 57. Withholding of Tax at Source. - (A) With/to/ding of Final Tax on Certain In comes. - Subject to rules and regu latio ns the Secretary may promulgate, upon the recommendation of the Comissioner, requiring the filing of income tax return by certai n income payees, the tax imposed or prescribed by Sections 24(8)( 1), 24(B)(2), 24(C), 24(0)( I); 25(A)(2), 25(A)(3), 25(8), 25(C), 25(0), 25(E); 27(0)( I), 27(0)(2), 27(0)(3), 27(0)(5); 28(A)(4), 28(A)(5), 28(A)(7)(a), 28(A)(7)(b), 28(A)(7)(c), 28(8)( 1), 28(8)(2), 28(8)(3), 28(8)(4), 28(8)(5)(a), 28(8)(5)(b), 28(8)(5)(c); 33 ; and 282 of this Code on specified items of income shall be withheld by payor-corporation and/or person and paid in the sa me manner and subject to the same conditions as pt�ovided in Section 58 of this Code." (Emphasis supplied) Applying the foregoing provisions to the facts of this case, the Court finds that the assessment lacks factual basis. In assessing petitioner for deficiency final tax with interest, surcharge and f--. compromise penalty in the total amount of P1 ,675,034.6527, respondent treated the 27 Exhibits " 18", " 19", and "26" .

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 payments made to stockholders and interest payments m the total amount of P8 ,919,3 48 .66 as dividends. However, records would show that some of the payments made to stockholders correspond to the outstanding balance of petitioner's advances fro m a stockholder as of December 31, 2004 amounting to P8 ,071 ,781.00, which was paid in full with interest in 2005.28 Likewise, petitioner pointed out that it did not declare and pay any dividends to its stockholders in 2004 as testified to by Mr. Richard S. Querido , the external auditor of petitioner for the years 2002, 2003, 2004, and the three-month period ended March 31, 2005. According to Mr. Querido, they also examined petitioner's minutes of board meetings as part of the audit and they did not come ac ross any document authorizing the declaration of dividends. 29 Thi s is further bolstered by the fact that petitioner's retained earnmgs amounted only to P1 ,895,568.00 as per its audited financial statements for the year 2004 30 ; while a deficit of P89,360.00 was reflected as its retained earnings in its audited financial statements for 2003 31 . On this matter, let it be pointed out that dividends, regardless of the form these are declared , that is, cash, property or stocks, are valued at the amount of the declared dividend taken from the unrestricted retained earnings of a co rporation. 32 - { 28 Exhibits " D" and " 1". 29 Ex hibit "X". 30 Exhibits " D" and " 1'. 3 1 Exhibit " 1". 32 Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company vs. National Telecommunications Commission, et al. , G.R. No. 152685, December 4 , 2007.

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 Thus, petitioner could not have declared dividends in the amount of P8 ,919,348.66 si nce it did not have sufficient retained earnmgs to support any declaration of dividends in the year 2004 and prior year. The said payments to its stockho lder and the interest paid in the total amount of P8 ,919,348.66, if they were indeed dividend s, were out of proportion to petitioner's issued shares of stock which is only 693 ,976 shares and its authorized capital stock w hich is only I ,000,000.00 with P 1.00 par value as per its audited financial statements for taxable year 200433 . It is true that as a ge neral rule, tax assessments by tax exammers are pres umed correct and made 111 good faith . All presumptions are in favor of the correctness of a tax assessment. It is to be presumed , however, that such assessment was based on suffic ient evidence. Upon the introduction of the assessment in evidence. a prima .facie case of liability on the part of the taxpayer is made. If a taxpayer files a Petition for Review before the CTA and assails the assessment, the primafacie presumption is that the assessment made by the BIR is correct, and that in preparing the same, the BIR personnel regularly performed their duties. 34 However, the prima facie correctness of a tax assessment does not apply upon proof that an assess ment is utterly without foundation , meaning it is arbitrary and capricious. Where the BIR has come out with a " naked assessment," i.e., without any foundation character, the determination of the tax due is without rational basis. In such a situation, the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that the determination of the Commissioner contained in a deficiency notice di sappears. Hence, the determination / - ' 3 Exhibits " D" and " I". 34 Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Han/ex Trading Co., Inc., G. R. No. 136975, March 3 1, 2005.

DECISION CT A CASE NO. 7885 Page II or 13 by the CTA must rest on all the evidence introduced and its ultimate determination must find support in credible evidence.35 In this case, respondent failed to prove m court that the payment to the stockho lder and the interest paid were indeed dividends. Clearly , m ISSUing the assessment, respondent merely assumed that the said payments made to the stockho lder and the interests paid are dividends, which has neither legal nor factual basis. Wel l-settled is the rule that " the presumption of correctness of assessment being a mere presumption cannot be made to rest on another presumption." This was the ruling of the Supreme Cou11 in the case of Collector of Int ernal Revenue vs. Benipayo36, where the High Court ruled that: " (O)n this question the Court ofTax Appeals said the following in the appea led decision : To o ur mind, the appea led decision has no factual basis and mu st be reversed . An assessment fixes and determines the tax liability of a taxpayer. As soon as it is served, an obligation arises on the part of th e taxpayer concerned to pay the amount assessed and demanded. Hence, assessments should not be based on mere presumptions no matter how reasonable or logical said presumptions may be. xxx In order to stand the test of judicial scrutin y, the assessment must be based on actual facts. The presumption of correctness of assessment being a mere pres umption cannot be made to rest on anothe�� presumption that the circumstances in 1952 and 1953 are presumed to be the same as those existing in 1949 to 1951 and July 1955. In the case under consideration there are no substantial facts to support the assessment in question .... A review of the records has not disclosed anything s ufficient to justify a reversal of the above finding made by the Court of Tax Appeals. It shou ld be borne in mind that to sustain the deficiency tax assessed against respondent wou ld amount, in effect, to a findin g that he J-- had, for a considerab le period of time, cheated and defrauded the government by se llin g to each adu lt patron two chi ldren's tax-free tickets 35 Ibid. 36 G.R. No . L-13656 , January 31 , 1962.

DEC ISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 Page I2 of I3 in stead of one ticket subj ect to th e amu se ment ta x prov ided for in Secti on 260 of th e National Internal Revenue Code. Fraud is a se ri ous charge and , to be sustain ed, it mu st be supported by clea r and co nvin cin g proof whi ch, in th e present case, is lackin g." (Emphasis Supplied) Considering that respondent has neither legal nor factual bas is to presume that payments made to the stockho lder and the interest paid are di vidends, respondent ' s assessment of defici enc y final tax for taxabl e year 2004 must necessaril y fa il. WHEREFORE, premi ses considered, the instant Petiti on for Review IS hereby GRANTED . Accordingly, the assess ment issued against petiti oner for defici ency fina l tax, including surcharges, interest and compromi se penalty in the aggregate amount ofP1 ,675 ,03 4. 65 for taxabl e year 2004 is hereby CANCELLED. SO ORDERED. AMEL~IA R). C-OTA~N6C-~-M�AN~ALA- STAS Associ ate Justice WE CONCUR: ~-6- ~ PALANCA-ENRIQUEZ Assoc iate Justi ce ATTESTATION I attest th at the conclusions in the above Dec ision we re re before the case was ass igned to the writer of the opini on of the C urt ' s Division. L ' ISTA C ha irpe rso n

DECISION CTA CASE NO. 7885 Pagel3ofl3 CERTIFICATION Pursuant to Section 13 , Article VIII of the Constitution and the Division Chairperson's Attestation, it is hereby certified that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court. Q___-r,.~ ~ ERNESTO 0. ACOSTA Presiding Justice