Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 913936 of 1,784 articles for corporation

Continuing Suretyship Scope and Enforceability in Loan Renewals

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether a continuing suretyship covers renewed credit facilities and subsequent loan availments.

Pawnshops and VAT: Clarifying Tax Exemptions for Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries

The Supreme Court clarifies that pawnshops, as non-bank financial intermediaries, were not liable for VAT in 2000 due to deferred effectivity.

Ensuring Corporate Authority in Legal Actions: The Importance of Board Resolutions

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on ejectment jurisdiction, board resolutions, and why corporate authority matters in lawsuits.

Navigating Appeals When Questions of Fact and Law Intertwine in Philippine Courts

Learn how Philippine courts handle appeals involving mixed questions of fact and law, based on a 2010 Supreme Court ruling.

Judicial Discretion vs Undue Favoritism: When Judges Face Administrative Liability

Explaining when judicial rulings constitute administrative offenses, based on the Supreme Court's dismissal of the complaint against CA Justices Roxas and Enriquez.

Grave Coercion in Property Takeovers: The Navarra Ruling Explained

The Supreme Court ruled that forceful property repossession, even with a debt claim, constitutes grave coercion under Philippine law.

HLURB Jurisdiction vs Regular Courts: Protecting Subdivision Buyers' Rights

When does HLURB have exclusive jurisdiction over subdivision disputes? The Supreme Court clarifies the boundary between regular courts and the housing regulator.

Bank Not Liable for Employee's Promise to Seller: Relativity of Contracts in Loan Proceeds Release

Supreme Court rules bank not subsidiarily liable for employee's alleged promise to pay seller directly from loan proceeds, citing relativity of contracts.

Bank Not Subsidiarily Liable Without Clear Obligation: Prudential Bank v. Abasolo

Supreme Court rules a bank is not subsidiarily liable for a loan officer's alleged promises absent a clear obligation or written request.

Bank Not Subsidiarily Liable for Loan Proceeds Released to Borrower

Supreme Court rules banks are not automatically liable when loan proceeds go to a borrower instead of a third-party seller.

Upholding LLDA Authority Enforcing Environmental Standards in Laguna de Bay

Supreme Court affirms LLDA's power to impose fines for effluent violations, reinforcing environmental enforcement in Laguna de Bay region.

When Pilots' Negligence Is the Proximate Cause: The 2010 Runway Collision Ruling

Supreme Court rules on proximate cause in the 1996 NAIA runway collision, holding pilots liable for gross negligence despite air traffic clearances.

Water Districts as GOCCs: Reaffirming Government Control and Audit Authority

The Supreme Court reaffirms that water districts are government-owned or controlled corporations with special charters, settling tax and audit questions.

Buyers Can Suspend Payments When Title Is Clouded: Daleon v. Tan

When a property's title is clouded by an adverse claim, buyers may stop paying installments without risking forfeiture of their downpayment.

Forfeiture of Downpayment: When a Buyer's Stop Payment Is Justified

Supreme Court ruling on when sellers cannot forfeit a buyer's downpayment due to adverse claims on property title.

Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases: Documentary Evidence vs Simple Denial

In illegal dismissal cases, the employer bears the burden of proving valid termination with substantial evidence—not the employee.

Losing the Right to Appeal: Why Timeliness Is Everything in Philippine Law

Timeliness is the lifeblood of appeals in Philippine courts. Learn why missing a deadline can forfeit a litigant's right to be heard.

Sales Invoice Suffices for VAT Refund Claims: Disparity Between Goods and Services Eliminated

Supreme Court rules sales invoices can substantiate VAT refund claims for zero-rated services, not just official receipts.

Employer Liability in Criminal Cases: When Civil Liability Is Only Subsidiary

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when employers are subsidiarily liable for employee crimes, distinguishing quasi-delict from criminal civil liability.

Redemption Rights in Tax Sales: When the One-Year Period Starts in Quezon City

The Supreme Court clarifies when the one-year redemption period starts for tax-delinquent properties sold at auction in Quezon City.

Probable Cause vs Equipoise Rule: Safeguarding Against Unjust Arrest in Arson Cases

When prosecutors flip-flop on probable cause, courts hold the line. Flores v. Gonzalez clarifies the equipoise rule and judicial independence.

Badges of Fraud in Property Sales: When Courts Void Real Estate Deals

Philippine Supreme Court explains how "badges of fraud" can invalidate property sales, even absolute deeds, when fraud taints the transaction.

Freight Forwarder Liability and the $500 Package Limitation Rule in Shipping Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when a freight forwarder becomes a common carrier and the COGSA package limitation rule.

When Cross Collateral Clauses Clash With Verbal Agreements: Understanding Mortgage Obligations

The Supreme Court clarifies that bank branch managers cannot verbally alter mortgage contracts containing cross-collateral or dragnet clauses.