Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 961984 of 1,106 articles for cir

The Weight of Witness Testimony: Treachery and Identification in Philippine Murder Cases

How a lone eyewitness's positive identification and the suddenness of attack led to a murder conviction qualified by treachery.

Deadfreight and Demurrage in Charter Parties: NFA v. Hongfil Shipping

Supreme Court clarifies when charterers owe deadfreight but not demurrage, and when corporate officers escape personal liability.

Unlawful Aggression Is Key to Self-Defense Claims in Philippine Law

Understand why unlawful aggression is the foundation of self-defense in Philippine criminal law, explained through a Supreme Court ruling.

Voluntary Confessions in Philippine Law: Safeguarding the Rights of the Accused

Understanding the constitutional safeguards governing voluntary confessions in Philippine criminal procedure, and how courts protect the accused.

Residency Requirement for Philippine Candidates: The Domino Doctrine on Domicile

Philippine election law equates residency with domicile. The Domino case shows why voter registration and genuine intent matter for candidates.

Article 125 and the Proper Judicial Authority: Filing Before the MTC Stops the Detention Clock

Filing a complaint with the MTC counts as delivering a detainee to the proper judicial authority under Article 125, even without trial jurisdiction.

Managerial vs. Supervisory Employees: Unionization Rights Under Philippine Labor Law

Learn how Philippine law distinguishes managerial from supervisory employees and why misclassification can block unionization rights.

When Can an Appellate Court Remand an Ejectment Case? Key Rules

Explains when RTCs may remand ejectment appeals for further evidence, and when remand is improper under Section 21(d).

Navigating the Insanity Defense in Philippine Law: Burden of Proof and Presumption of Sanity

The Supreme Court clarifies the insanity defense in Philippine criminal law, emphasizing the presumption of sanity and the accused's burden to prove insanity beyond reasonable doubt.

The Power of Testimony in Rape Cases: Philippine Supreme Court Upholds Victim Credibility

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on rape conviction based on credible victim testimony, and the importance of properly alleging qualifying circumstances.

Intent Is Key: Understanding Kidnapping Laws in the Philippines and Deprivation of Liberty

Learn how Philippine courts determine intent in kidnapping cases, based on a Supreme Court ruling on a child abduction case.

When Presence Becomes Participation: Understanding Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law

Explore how the Supreme Court in People v. Sanchez defined conspiracy, distinguishing mere presence from concerted action in criminal liability.

When Can a Claim Be a Compulsory Counterclaim? Lessons from Yulienco v. Court of Appeals

Philippine Supreme Court explains when a claim must be raised as a compulsory counterclaim, and when separate suits are allowed.

Abuse of Superior Strength as an Aggravating Circumstance in Philippine Murder Cases

Learn how abuse of superior strength elevates homicide to murder under Philippine law, with key insights from a Supreme Court ruling.

When Circumstantial Evidence Speaks Volumes: Understanding Homicide Convictions in the Philippines

The Supreme Court explains how circumstantial evidence can prove homicide beyond reasonable doubt, and why dwelling aggravates the penalty.

Ejectment Suits Staying Execution Pending Appeal in the Philippines

Learn how Philippine courts handle stays of execution in ejectment cases pending appeal, including the rules on posting supersedeas bonds and the limits of appellate relief.

Deficiency Tax Collection: When BIR Warrants Are Premature Under Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when BIR collection of deficiency taxes is premature, and why the OSG must represent the CIR.

The Weight of Witness Testimony: How Philippine Courts Determine Credibility in Murder Cases

A single credible witness can convict for murder. Learn how Philippine courts weigh testimony and credibility.

Confessions to Media in Philippine Law: The Domantay Case on Custodial Investigation

When are confessions to media admissible in Philippine courts? The Domantay case explains the limits of custodial investigation rights.

Voluntary Confessions and Custodial Rights: Lessons from People v. Bacor

The Supreme Court clarifies when an extrajudicial confession is admissible, the role of counsel, and what makes a valid waiver of rights.

Valid Confession in Philippine Law: When Your Words Can Be Used Against You

Learn when a confession is valid and admissible in Philippine courts, and how constitutional rights during custodial investigation protect accused persons.

Navigating Mining Tax Refunds in the Philippines: Understanding R.A. 1435 and Its Limits

Philex Mining v. CIR clarifies that the 25% mining tax refund under R.A. 1435 is based on old rates, not actual taxes paid.

Rear-End Collision Liability in the Philippines: Negligence and Proximate Cause

Philippine courts presume the rear driver at fault in rear-end collisions. Learn the rules on negligence and proximate cause from Raynera v. Hiceta.

Grave Slander in the Philippines: Lessons from Artajos v. Court of Appeals

Learn how Philippine law punishes grave slander, the elements prosecutors must prove, and key lessons from the Supreme Court's Artajos ruling.