Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 145–149 of 149 articles for “physical evidence”

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Jul 16, 1996 self-defense revised penal code criminal law unlawful aggression supreme court

Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Using Force Becomes Justifiable

Philippine law allows self-defense only under strict conditions. Learn the rules, the limits of proportionate force, and key lessons from a Supreme Court case.

Apr 1, 1996 treachery murder qualifying circumstance criminal law revised penal code people v caritativo

Treachery in Philippine Criminal Law: Application and Implications

How Philippine courts apply treachery as a qualifying circumstance in murder, explained through the 1996 Supreme Court ruling in People v. Caritativo.

Mar 15, 1996 criminal-law self-defense treachery eyewitness-testimony evidence illegal-possession-of-firearms

Eyewitness Testimony and Self-Defense: Lessons from People v. Rosales

The Supreme Court explains when eyewitness testimony prevails over self-defense claims and how courts assess treachery in Philippine criminal cases.

Mar 14, 1996 criminal-law state-witness prosecution-witness rules-of-court murder-case

State Witness vs Prosecution Witness: Key Differences in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies the legal distinction between a state witness and a prosecution witness in criminal cases.

Feb 21, 1996 child witness competency credibility rules of court criminal procedure evidence

Child Witness Testimony in Philippine Courts: Competency and Credibility Standards

Philippine courts evaluate child witness competency case-by-case. Learn the standards from People v. Mendoza and practical takeaways.