jurisprudence 800 Phil. 307A.M. No. 12-5-42 2016-11-22

[ A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813 (Formerly A.M. No. 12-5-42-METC). November 22, 2016 ]

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EN BANC

OFFICE OF THE COURT ADMINISTRATOR, COMPLAINANT, VS. JUDGE ELIZA B. YU, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT, BRANCH47, PASAY CITY, RESPONDENT.

To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com 1 File (82KB)

(see image p. 37)

MEAL STUB

Hon, thank you for your MEAL STUB ... when and where can I claim it? take care & love you.[142]

Judge Yu sent another message to Judge San Gaspar-Gito's Facebook account with the subject Meal Stub, to wit:

__________________________________ August 31, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 9:20am MEAL STUB

dear ems, i sent your meal stub at your yahoo account to honor you this national heroes day. it's good you gave me an idea of your preferred sexual position, there's no need to study that 69, you'll get it from me spontaneously ... that's easy, pulled down your underwear, and eat what's in between your thighs ... but you have to pay me $10 first ... He He He! take care and see you later...[143] (Bold emphasis supplied)

The message contained an attachment similar to the image of a man and a woman juxtaposed in a 69 position appearing in the previous Yahoo message.[144] Judge San Gaspar-Gito ignored both communications, but Judge Yu continued sending more puzzling messages to the complainant's Face book account, viz.:

__________________________________ September 1, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 11:21pm YOUR MEAL STUB ...

giving me FEVER honey ... YOU ARE KEEPING ME WIDE AWAKE. I need a bath no not a bath ... I need a sex therapist He He He

BLOWN KISS?? I haven't claim yet my meal stub now you are sending me a blown kiss ... why don't you send me your cell no. asap so we can practice your fave 69?

__________________________________ September 2, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu PRO LOVE (No Jokening Here) 7:43am

YES TO LOVE NO TO LUST!! Why naman you are heating me up out of your hundreds FB friends? HHHmmm ... don't fall in love online kasi you are not supposed to kiss, kiss a pc monitor ... He He He No dialogues from you lately, are we in a silent "titillating" movie? Wala ba tayong rehearsals dito? FAMAS award na rin ba tayo? Buti na lang magaan loob ko sa iyo, SOUL MATES tayo. Isasauli ko na ang meal stub mo ... wala naman nakalagay when and where to claim, wala ring cell phone no. mo (siguro trip mo lang mag send ng lewd pic kasi photographer ka in your past life, lewd photographer ... He He He). Dami kong tanong sa iyo, pero impersonal kasi ang computer kaya wala na akong masyadong tanong online ... maliban sa ano na ba civil status mo, MAINIT KA MASYADO?? Yung photo profile mo, dina "cute little devil" ... ikaw ay "red hot and horny"[145] na ... tandaan mo honey NO TO CYBERSEX! NO TO PHONE SEX! PAY ME $10 FIRST BEFORE 69 (prone to HIV AIDS na sexual position ang 69 kaya sa swimming pool yan ginagawa). Take care and see you later.

__________________________________ September 4, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 9:24pm 2 VISITS

hey ems, i really miss you, so i plan to visit you at your chamber this sept. 1 and 21. are you available at these dates?? pls. reply. take care and see you later.

Eliza B. Yu 9:47pm

hey, wish me good luck for my report tom at justice rene corona's class, it's a "MIXED NUTS" feelings to have a future chief justice as an audience (he's a "terrorist" ... he he he ... but he did not give me a HIGH FEVER unlike you! ha ha ha!) pls. tell me what time you will be at your chamber this sept. 7 and 21 so i can visit you? PREPARE THE $10.x's and o's.[146]

Confounded, Judge San Gaspar-Gito finally confronted Judge Yu on the messages. Instead of giving a direct reply, Judge Yu continued sending puzzling messages. Their exchanges ran as follows:

__________________________________ September 6, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 10:41am CLUELESS INQUIRER

hey what's that meal stub and 69, got no idea about it? Does my fb send something to everyone? Ami in a game? huh, m wondering!

Eliza B. Yu 10:44am A TRIBUTE TO ELVIS PRESLEY

Wise Men say only fools rush in but I cant help falling in love with you

Shall I stay would it be a sin if I can't help falling in love with you...

Like a river flows, surely to the sea Darlin so it goes, somethings are meant to be.. Take my hand, take my whole life too for I can't help fallin in love with you...

Like a river flows, surely to the sea Darlin so it goes, somethings are meant to be..

Take my hand take my whole life too for I can't help falling in love with you

for I cant help falling in love with .... You.

x x x x x x x x x x x x

__________________________________ September 12, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 7:07am MOVIES

hey since you are a movie buff, watch "BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN", you will enjoy the sex between 2 cowboys in a tent. The 1st sex was made out of lust while the 2nd sex was made out of love! In the movie, the "measure of love was not jealousy but sacrifice."

__________________________________ September 14, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 8:43am l'Hymne A l'Amour

Hey, after watching "Brokeback Mountain", I recommend you to watch "When Night Is Falling", there was a sizzling (red hot) sex between a university literature professor at a religious college and a free-spirited circus performer inside a tent, too just like "Brokeback Mountain". Certainly, you will enjoy "When Night Is Falling" more than "Brokeback Mountain" because you liked Edith Piafs "l'Hymne A l'Amour."

x x x x x x x x x x x x

__________________________________ September 17, 2009 __________________________________

Eliza B. Yu 7:23pm MOVIE AGAIN

Star Cinema's "In My Life," the ABS-CBN Movie outfit's grandest film offering for 2009, earned a record P20 million in ticket sales on its first day of screening. I don't recommend you and Owen this move (but Gener, Tiya and Yaya would enjoy watching this together ... He He He) TAKE CARE!

__________________________________ September 18, 2009 __________________________________

x x x x x x x x x x x x

Eliza B. Yu 7:00am Some Kind

honey i'm some kind of sloth at home and enjoy much freedom, and i miss you, tsup! tsup! tsup! take care always. see you later!

__________________________________ September 18, 2009 __________________________________

Emily San Gaspar 11:18pm

I think i would be watching in my life, have you watched it? Is it nice?

__________________________________ September 19, 2009 __________________________________

x x x x x x x x x x x x

Eliza B. Yu 4:07pm IN MY LIFE

hey fb sweetie, ems not that i don't want to accompany you in a movie house, it's just that you succeeded heating me up with that 69 meal stub, it will be dangerous ... to watch this in my life movie together, i may go down on you in a movie house that would be highly scandalous ... I will give you a dvd/vcd of it, I will go to video shops for it tomorrow (whether you have watched it or not, even I did not recommend it to you) ... i am trying to shrug off a fuzzy, groovy feeling with you, OH NO! anyways, take care, take care, take care, i knew you have convention next week. if you are interested to join with us at GUMBO resto next week, just say so (dean froilan is a great guy, and a genius, interesting to meet him, this i recommend to you). Oh, i still have to give you complimentary copies of my articles published in the lawyers review. you gotta wait, i keep my promises. see you later . x's and o's for you. p.s. movie watching is not my ideal activity with you (it's at the bottom of the list, i rather watch you than tagalog movies).[147]

Judge San Gaspar-Gito decided to deactivate her Facebook account. Yet, the deactivation did not deter Judge Yu from sending messages to Judge San Gaspar-Gito's Yahoo account to expr ss her disagreement over the Facebook deactivation, thus:

[No Subject] Friday, September 25,2009 6:14PM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Dear Emily, what happened to your FB account? I told you to rest, I understand that it's so tiring after travelling, our bodies crave sleep! If I have your mobile no., I could have flown there and joined you. Still, I believe there is plenty of time ahead of us. Anyway, I did not mean you stay away from Facebook or me... COME ON, tell me, you are joking giving up Facebook ... you have ovet 190 friends, they will MISS you. You have my no. still (09175217828), you can contact me, you should contact me, I am not running away from you, rain or shine. I will stay even I am a problem. Take care always. Talk and see you later. Of course, God bless us.[148]

Facebook Monday, September 28, 2009 5:45PM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Dear Emily, I raised the issue before, about 4 months ago, about your membership in Facebook, your answer was acceptable...

Your declaration about consensus in the convention seems to be an after-thought, logic rejects it as plausible. But I BELIEVE you. There is no reason not to TRUST you. I also understand the consensus.

Because you seemed HAPPY connecting to your friends particularly those very far in FB, it's not a smart choice to sacrifice your happiness at the expense of consensus. Also, there are ways to circumvent the consensus' prohibition. You can change your name to your nickname, and remove traces that will link it to your work. You blended your work with your personal life in FB, of course your work's nature extend to your personal life, the price you pay, not because of the demand of your work, it's the price for your your idealism with your work. It's up to you what perspective you take, you are intelligent, you ought to choose the best option. Your FB speaks a lot about you. You may not talk much about yourself in mails but by reading your posts and looking at your photos, you give clues of yourself, you leave lots of fingerprints online. Deactivating it is not the best option, For now...

By the way, our office told me, I cannot troubleshoot in your court, because you have two prosecutors already NO ROOM FOR ME THERE. I told the staff to call you up about this. I promised to troubleshoot next month, which is not possible to happen. I learned that your court was Hooded, I was at home when notified, I failed to help you clean up the mess. That's why, there is the importance of mobile connection. Besides, I will only call you if I have your cell no. not text you. An1way, take care always. God bless you.[149]

PS Monday, September 28, 2009 6:06PM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

ems, don't be like MeTC magistrate (one of Your judges pals according to your FB posting) who permanently dismissed a case on the ground of speedy trial when accused jumped bail.

When there was a MR by the prosecutor, it was granted on the basis of substantive justice.

Of course, there was double jeopardy already, the MR was granted correctly. And the pemanent (sic) dismissal was wrong.

You are intelligent, you finished your law schooling at 24 years old ranked 5th in your class ... DO NOT DE-ACTIVATE YOUR FACEBOOK FOR MORE THAN 3 MONTHS. Talk and see you later.[150]

Oh God, I Forgot ... Monday, September 28, 2009 8:47PM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Tsup! Honey, next time you re-activate your FB, pls. change your ... PHOTO PROFILE DELETE: Your Status, Birthday, School, Work, and all your PHOTOS. it's OK to be wild online... Be cautious and prudent. Take care always.

Couple of weeks, I will be very busy will [sic] school papers due to ending sem and my second wind, will re-lobby for my promotion. Sept 30, I have lunch with ... Oct 1, I have dinner with ... Oct 2, I have appointment with ... Oct 3, I have my last report I have dinner at Gumbo for Dean's birthday Oct 5, I have lunch at Aristocrat Oct 6, I have cocktail at Manila Hotel Oct 7, I have appointment at Ajinomoto Oct 8, I will meet ... Oct 9, I will meet another ...

I am regular troubleshooter, too. I will see you later. Of course, I miss you. God bless. MWAH! tsup ...[151]

A month after sending the meal stub message, Judge Yu apologized for said message, to wit:

I AM SO SORRY ... Saturday, October 3, 2009 6:22AM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Hello there Emily, I found out that Facebook sent unauthorized gifts (lewd ones) to its account subscribers, I asked my classmates if they sent this and that gift applications and they said no.

I am so sorry for my nonsense replies to that 69 gift application I received from your Facebook account (which you wondered). Now, I believe it was not you who sent it to me. I could have been a Facebook computer system error or maybe a Facebook prank hacker.

I deleted all your emails. I hope you will delete my emails to you also including this email for peace of mind and as a safety measure. OH FORGET ALL MY EMAILS TO YOU SINCE JUNE AFTER READING & RIDDING THIS APOLOGY EMAIL. Deal?? This is our MOA.

It's a good choice to deactivate your Facebook account - it will bring you good harm. Sometimes, you have to convince yourself that your status has changed a lot, you change friends, you change status, change lifestyle and ... leave Face book.

I cannot deactivate my Facebook account, it was Dean Froilan Bacungan who invited me to join. I created my Facebook account for him. Thank you. Take care always. God bless you.

I'M SO SORRY AGAIN ... I gave you lots of trashes online. Anyway, emails are easy to delete.[152]

Judge Yu subsequently sent an e-mail with a subject that read: "CONGRATS 4 UR ELECTION AS P.R.O. CDO METC NATIONAL CONVENTION, W/ MORE REASON 2 DELETE MY EMAILS 2 U. TY. GOD BLESS," but without an accompanying message.[153]

A few weeks later, Judge Yu confronted Judge San Gaspar-Gito regarding the reactivation of her Facebook account in the following manner:

CHILL OUT Friday, October 23, 2009 2:13AM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Hey Milay, I have a trouble shooting assignment this coming Monday (October 26) in MeTc Branch 23, I will pass by your court for sure, I will drop by, unless I'm in a bad mood like you today! Chill out ... it's basic, when the answer to the question is obvious DO NOT ANSWER! Why did you re-activate your Facebook account? Oh No, you gave a wrong answer! As expected, you are an Oscar awardee, remember? Hhhmmm... lots of Oscar trophies you quite collected at Facebook (He He He). Nobody can prohibit you in the exercise of your POLICE POWER in the Facebook - that's the force of lust (He He He). Your little siesta wants your photos?

Of course not, you look prettier in person than in photos. I don't think your prettiest photo can substitute the real you, you are so warm in person. Take care always.[154]

Judge San Gaspar-Gito was prompted to explain that her sister had used her Facebook account,[155] but Judge Yu apparently disbelieved the explanation and retorted instead:

Be Right Back Friday, October 23, 2009 10:42PM

From: "ELIZA YU" To: emily_san_gaspar@yahoo.com

Hello there Ems, the sister act explanation was cool! I'm sure it will be accepted by your MeTCJAP in case it found out you still maintain a Facebook account notwithstanding its express prohibition. Congrats, you seemed to be a member of the "palusot".com! (He He He)

What is the name of your sister? You mean having same parents? Affinity? Sorority? Job-related? Religious Organization? I thought you were the youngest child. Did I hear it right, you said while I was looking at your gold medal on the wall, you have 5 siblings? Going back to your sister, why would she do that? First, isn't she confident enough to be herself online? Second, she is unaware that it will put you in harm by feigning to be you? Third, did you not warn her? Fourth, Why did you tolerate her? You could have changed your password anytime so she cannot have an access.

I thought it was definitely a rude answer(@ yahoo) as to why you re activated you Facebook account? Only, I cannot judge you or anyone online, ifs not my task to do so. As I said before, it is OK to be wild, wild, wild online.

Actually, your FB account was checking my FB account at those times you de-activated it. I laughed at you ... oh no, not you ... now, your sister for it. Still, it was the reason for my writing of "daily activity" entries at FB that I was doing OK - after you went "PUFF" at FB, without saying any goodbye. Of course, I may deserve it, you may expect something, I failed to write, like a visit perhaps. But you did not give me your mobile no. so no seeing, only reading mails. Hhhmmm ... so your sister got my mobile no. also. It's so cool! There is a possibility, it was your sister, I talked to online or did those stuff which I believed it was you from June to October. Well, then, I should meet your sister! Is she living with your popsie? What is the name your father? Let us then visit them.

Anyway, I have to go, I will visit the Franciscan missionary after this. I will donate biscuits and fruit juices for the abandoned children. I have a favourite cousin, with an awesome academic credentials and very pretty, who is a miraculous real, real in flesh, real in her words and deed, a sister belonging to the Franciscan missionary. She was assigned in Italy for almost 10 years as a nun, and she can read, write, Italian. I have to buy her a cake, it's her birthday today. Doesn't Italy means an abbreviation of I Trust And Love You?

I will talk to you later. I will drop by at your court on October 26, for sure am to pass by in going or coming from MeTc Branch 23, my first time to go there. I'm so accessible, so simple. It was you, or it was your sister, should I say, that make things complicated. The article, "A Tribute to a Great Mentor", it was your sister who wrote it? Well, Justice Angelina Sandoval Gutierrez is her ideal woman. A tall order. Oh no, no need to tell me the orientation or preference of the author of the article by mere reading of it. Take care always. God bless you always. Be right back.[156]

The following day, Judge Yu sent another lengthy message apologizing for her previous actions.[157] But to add more confusion, Judge Yu sent a message on November 17, 2009 containing a La Paz Bachoy recipe, but with a notation at the end reading: we shall claim the 69 meal stub in a dirty kitchen.[158]

Aside from attributing to Judge Yu the sending of messages containing sexual innuendos, Judge San Gaspar-Gito accused her of creating a fake Facebook account under the name "Rudela San Gaspar." That account contained captured photographs, including that of the complainant's son allegedly taken from her deactivated account. Judge San Gaspar-Gito confronted Judge Yu and threatened to initiate an administrative complaint. This threat prompted the respondent to take down the fake account.[159]

The complainant also received a message on April 2, 2010 with an attached image of a boy holding a pair of scissors,[160] and a sign reading Full Brazillian 5¢.[161]

The last straw came on July 4, 2010 when Judge San Gaspar-Gito received a message from her friend, Juliet Tabanao-Galicinao, informing her that a certain Bambi Yu had inquired about her sexual orientation, viz.:

Juliet Tabanao-Galicinao July 4 at 12:15am (no subject)

Milay:

Some crazy woman e-mailed me. Her name is bambi yu. I accepted her on Facebook because she told me you were friends. Then last Friday, she sent me a weird message asking if you were bisexual. I promptly answered her and after that, I deleted her from my facebook list, as well as any common friends we might have. I am telling you this so you will be warned that there are envious people like this. I am copying here the contents of our exchange for your own records.

as follows:

bambi yu:

I read your post about judge of the year award to Milay today. I was about to comment but your post disappeared. She wrote me months ago that she closed her Facebook account because it became a Pandora's box. I'm curious, is she an AC DC?? (I am actually laughing) You are listed as among her best friends, you must be competent to answer this inquiry. Rest assured that this is highly confidential. Thanks. God bless..

Juliet Tabanao-Galicinao July 2 at 8:19am what is an AC DC?

Bambie Yu July 2 at 3:48pm Report

AC DC is non-offensive slang for bisexual. Is she a bisexual? Thanks for replying. Judges have limited correspondence here at FB..

Juliet Tabanao-Galicinao July 2 at 8:45pm

Hi! Emily is definitely not bisexual. We have been friends and roomates in school for ages and I can honestly say she is straight. She is also very happily married with one kid. I am not saying this because we are friends. I am just stating a fact. I am not offended though. Glad I was able to correct a mistake. What made you think so? (just wondering)

Bambie Yu July 3 at 5:48am Report

What made me think Milay is an AC DC? It does not matter. While I thank you for your honest to goodness answer, and I would like to return the favor by answering your question but judges have restrictions and limited correspondence online. Judges are expected to be courteous to fellow judges. I promised not to speak or write anything about Emily that would put her in bad light. I honor my promises. She has high aspirations in the judiciary which we should support. Besides, we are enemies for judicial excellence awards. You can ask her directly the question please. She is the only one who can answer it correctly. My lips are sealed this time. Have a nice day. Thank you. God bless!

Bambie Yu July 3 at 6:04am Report

PS: Just to take advantage of your generosity, because Emily broke her vow not to open her Facebook account which she claimed to be Pandora's box, can you do me a little favor, to ask her to delete all my emails? She told me she kept all my old emails despite my instruction to delete them after reading. Our emails contained gossips which will lead to our disbarment as honorable members of the bar. Thus, I was anxious to learn from your post that hinted she opened up her Facebook account again yesterday, this meant she broke a vow. My emails may still be there, and I have waited for her assurance that she have deleted all. I did not receive any such assurance from her that my emails are gone except that she closed her FB account. I was relieved with that closed FB account until yesterday. I kept writing her before to delete my emails. She does not reply. Anyway, I am not going to speak anything bad against her. I would be glad if I will get an assurance from you, as her bestfriend, that she already deleted the emails. We are not speaking to each other because we have a huge misunderstanding and, I said earlier, we are enemies, mortal enemies for the judicial excellence award.

Thank you again & good day.[162]

Judge San Gaspar-Gito formally filed the present administrative complaint on July 12, 2010.[163]

Judge Yu submitted her comment by way of a compliance dated October 12, 2010,[164] and attached her own complaint-affidavit charging Judge San Gaspar-Gito with conduct unbecoming of a judge, and requesting the OCA to conduct a discreet investigation on the complaint.[165] She manifested that she had come upon two versions of Judge San Gaspar-Gito's complaint.[166]

The following day, Judge Yu wrote to the OCA expressing her dissatisfaction over the investigation being conducted by the OCA.[167]

On October 22, 2010 Judge Yu submitted a supplemental manifestation arguing that Judge San Gaspar-Gito did not only violate the Code of Judicial Ethics, the Civil Code and the Revised Penal Code, but also Republic Act No. 8792, specifically Section 32[168] on confidentiality of electronic messages. She described the complaint letters as poison letters, and denied all the material averments stated therein.[169]

Judge San Gaspar-Gito submitted her reply.[170]

Judge Yu wrote the OCA on March 18, 2011 formally withdrawing her complaint against Judge San Gaspar-Gito.[171]

On July 22, 2011, Judge Yu sent a letter to Judge San Gaspar-Gito's brother, Atty. Reynaldo L. San Gaspar,[172] to wit:

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES National Capital Judicial Region METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT Branch 47, Pasay City Tel. No. 831-1109

July 22, 2011

Atty. Reynaldo L. San Gaspar No. 154 P. Talavera St., Pakil, 4017, Laguna

Dear Atty. San Gaspar:

Our court is inviting you for a brief conference in our court on August 5, 2011 around 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. or any available and convenient time and place for you, to clarify matters pertaining to the two (2) letters both dated July 12, 2010 of your sister Judge Emily L. San Gaspar-Gito. She can come with you if she wants to.

Your cooperation is highly appreciated.

Thank you.

Very truly yours,

(sgd.) Judge Eliza B. Yu

Copy furnished: Judge Emily L. San Gaspar-Gito Metropolitan Trial Court Branch 20, Manila

In the meantime, the Court referred the matter to the Court of Appeals (CA),[173] and directed Judge San Gaspar-Gito to allow the Chief of the Management Information System Office (MISO) to gain access to her Facebook and Yahoo accounts.

Pursuant to the Court's directive, the MISO accessed the Yahoo and Facebook accounts of Judge San Gaspar-Gito. Later on, Mr. Alexander M. Arevalo, the Acting Chief of the MISO, submitted his report,[174] attaching and certifying to the messages/communications extracted from the Yahoo and Facebook accounts of Judge San Gaspar-Gito.[175]

In her memorandum,[176] Judge Yu accused Judge San Gaspar-Gito with dishonesty and violation of the right to privacy.[177] She insisted on her innocence, claiming that Judge San Gaspar-Gito had sent her the meal stub with the attached image; that based on her research, the image was a photo engraving by Felicien Rops for Le Diable au Corps in 1865,[178] which should be treated as an artwork rather than as pornography;[179] that she had treated the message as a joke, but Judge San Gaspar-Gito would continually send similar graphics through the Facebook gift section everytime she would ask her to troubleshoot in her sala;[180] that she did not send some of the messages to Judge San Gaspar-Gito whom she knew to be very much married;[181] that she had become alarmed upon learning that Judge San Gaspar-Gito had repeatedly read her messages, and had treated the same as "treasures" that she had refused to delete;[182] and that her messages were intended to be "double entendres" and should not be considered as having any sexual connotations but instead as having been innocently uttered.[183]

In her September 26, 2013 manifestation,[184] Judge Yu attached a copy of her credit card bill supposedly showing that she had been charged $10.00 when she opened the meal stub sent by Judge San Gaspar-Gito. She posited that the lewd graphics had originated from Judge San Gaspar-Gito who had tampered the electronic messages submitted as evidence herein.[185]

Regarding her exchanges with Ms. Galicinao, Judge Yu invoked the exclusionary rule because she did not give her consent to use the private messages as evidence.[186]

CA Associate Justice Hakim S. Abdulwahid conducted the investigation, and scheduled several hearings. It appears that despite notice, Judge Yu did not appear in the hearings, and instead manifested her willingness to submit the matter for decision based on the records. She also waived her attendance, including the right to cross examine the complainant,[187] in order to avoid generating "hostile feelings and antagonistic views" upon the entry of appearance as counsel of Atty. Gener Gito, Judge San Gaspar-Gito's husband.[188]

Justice Abdulwahid submitted his Report and Recommendation dated September 26, 2013,[189] wherein he recommended the suspension from office of Judge Yu for a period of three months due to simple misconduct and conduct unbecoming of a judge. He concluded that the barrage of inappropriate messages sent by Judge Yu, as well as her stalking through the internet, constituted conduct unbecoming of a judge; and that her use of her court's letterhead to summon the complainant's brother fell under the category of simple misconduct.

Recommendation and Evaluation of the Office of the Court Administrator

On October 13, 2015, the Court directed the OCA to submit a comprehensive evaluation, report and recommendation on the consolidated cases.[190]

The OCA complied through Deputy Court Administrator (DCA) Jenny Lind R. Aldecoa-Delorino[191] by submitting a Memorandum[192] containing the following recommendation:

The OCA recommended that the charges of gross ignorance of the law in allowing OJTs to perform judicial work and directing the court staff to sell the books authored by Judge Yu, as well as the allegation of malicious utterances against Court Administrator Marquez should be dismissed for being unsubstantiated;[194] and upheld Judge Yu's requiring the plaintiffs with pending replevin cases to pay legal fees for transcripts, pursuant to her judicial prerogative to ensure that court funds were properly accounted for.[195]

The OCA declared Judge Yu's refusal to comply with A.M. No. 19-2011 and to honor the appointments of Ms. Lagman and Ms. Tejero-Lopez as insubordination; Judge Yu's letter to DOT Secretary Lim as gross misconduct, and a violation of Section 6, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct; Judge Yu's conduct in relation to the request for sick leave by Noel Labid, and the appointment of Ms. Tejero-Lopez as oppression;[196] regarded as gross ignorance of the law Judge Yu's acts of allowing the criminal proceedings in her court to continue without the presence of the public prosecutor, and of ordering the reception of evidence by the OIC who was not a member of the Bar;[197] and considered Judge Yu's issuance of the show cause order against Executive Judge Colasito, et al. as grave abuse of her authority.[198]

The OCA agreed with the recommendation and findings of Justice Abdulwahid to consider Judge Yu's actuations towards Judge San Gaspar Gito as conduct unbecoming of a judge, but clarified that Judge Yu's use of the official letterhead of her court in summoning the brother of Judge San Gaspar-Gito to a conference demonstrated her abuse of power, and constituted a violation of Section 8, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.[199]

Ruling of the Court

We agree with the findings and recommendations of the OCA.

I Noncompliance with A.O. No. 19-2011

Judge Yu forthwith resisted the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011 because of her unresolved protest against the issuance. She explained that her compliance with A.O. No. 19-2011 would render her protest moot. But her unresolved protest was not a sufficient justification for her to resist the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011. She was quite aware that A.O. No. 19-2011 was issued pursuant to Section 6, Article VIII of the Constitution, which confers to the Court the power of administrative supervision over all courts,[200] and was for that reason an issuance to be immediately implemented and unquestioningly obeyed by the affected Judges.

The resistance by Judge Yu to the the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011 was unexpected. She was quite aware that A.O. No. 19-2011 was not a mere request for her to comply with only partially, inadequately or selectively,[201] or for her to altogether disregard. At the very least, her resistance to A.O. No. 19-2011 manifested an uncommon arrogance on the part of a Judge of a court of the first-level towards the Court itself. Such attitude smacked of her unbecoming condescension towards the Court and her judicial superiors. We cannot tolerate her attitude lest it needlessly sows the seeds of aiTogance in others that can ultimately destroy the faith and trust in the hierarchy of courts so essential in the effective functioning of the administration of justice.

Moreover, Judge Yu's resistance to the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011 disrupted the orderliness of the other Pasay City MeTCs to the prejudice of public interest. This effect became unavoidable, for Executive Judge Colasito necessarily required the other courts to render additional night court duties to cope with her refusal to render night court duties.

Judge Yu compounded her condescension towards the Court and her judicial superiors by her bypassing them to directly communicate her personal reservations about A.O. No. 19-2011 to Secretary Lim, the proponent of holding the night courts, and other quarters like the police authority in Pasay City. Her reservations extended to assailing the legal foundation and the practicality for holding the night courts. Her doing so broadcast to them the notion that obedience to A.O. No. 19-2011 and similar issuances of the Court could be deferred at the whim and caprice of a lowly ranked judicial officer like her. Although she might have regarded her reservations as impressed with outstanding merit, that was no justification for her to defer or reject the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011 in her court for any length of time, and to be public about it. A.O. No. 19-2011 dealt with an administrative matter on the administration of justice and procedure over which the Court was the supreme and sole authority. She should have the maturity to know so, and to bow her head before that authority. Her freedom to exercise her constitutional right to free speech and expression was not a consideration. She had no privilege to disobey; hers was but to follow.

Judge Yu's having directly communicated her misgivings about A.O. No. 19-2011 to Secretary Lim and to other quarters was beyond forgiving by the Court. She thereby strongly hinted that the Court was altogether wrong and impractical about holding night courts. What she accomplished from such exercise was to broadcast how little regard she had for the Court and its issuances. Her attitude constituted an open insubordination that extensively diminished the respect owed to the Court by the public, especially by the latter who were directly affected in the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011. There is no question that when a Judge becomes the transgressor of the law that she has sworn to uphold, she places her office in disrepute, encourages disrespect for the law, and impairs public confidence in the integrity of the Judiciary itself.[202]

It is timely for the Courrto use this occasion to remind Judge Yu and other judicial officers of the land that although they may enjoy the freedoms of speech and expression as citizens of the Republic, they should always conduct themselves, while exercising such freedoms, in a manner that should preserve the dignity of their judicial offices and the impartiality and independence of the Judiciary. As to this duty to observe self-restraint, Section 6, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary is clear and forthright, viz.:

Sec. 6. Judges, like any other citizen, are entitled to freedom of expression, belief, association and assembly, but in exercising such rights, they shall always conduct themselves in such a manner as to preserve the dignity of the judicial office and the impartiality and independence of the judiciary.

For sure, Judge Yu's expression of her dissent against A.O. No. 19-2011 was misplaced. We may as well declare that she did not enjoy the privilege to dissent. Regardless of her reasons for dissenting, she was absolutely bound to follow A.O. No. 19-2011. Indeed, she did not have the unbridled freedom to publicly speak against A.O. No. 19-2011 and its implementation, for her being the Judge that she was differentiated her from the ordinary citizen exercising her freedom of speech and expression who did not swear obedience to the orders and processes of the Court without delay.[203] Her resistance to the implementation of A.O. No. 19-2011 constituted gross insubordination and gross misconduct,[204] and put in serious question her fitness and worthiness of the honor and integrity attached to her judicial office.[205]

According to Himalin v. Balderian,[206] the refusal of a Judge to comply with any resolution or directive of the Court constituted insubordination and gross misconduct, viz.:

[A] judge who deliberately and continuously failed and refused to comply with a resolution of this Court was held guilty of gross misconduct and insubordination, the Supreme Court being the agency exclusively vested by our Constitution with administrative supervision over all courts and court personnel from the Presiding Justice of the Court of Appeals to the lowest municipal trial court clerk. The Court can hardly discharge such constitutional mandate of overseeing judges and court personnel and taking proper administrative sanction against them if the judge or personnel concerned does not even recognize its administrative authority.

Insubordination is the refusal to obey some order that a superior officer is entitled to give and to have ob yed. It imports a willful or intentional disregard of the lawful and reasonable instructions of the employer.[207] Judge Yu's obstinate resistance to A.O. No. 19-2011 displayed both her rebellious character and her disdain and disrespect for the Court and its directives.

Judge Yu's unwillingness to comply with A.O. No. 19-2011 was also a betrayal of her sworn duty to maintain fealty to the law,[208] and brought dishonor to the Judiciary. In that regard, her conduct amounted to gross misconduct, defined as follows:

Misconduct means intentional wrongdoing or deliberate violation of a rule of law or standard of behavior in connection with one's performance of official functions and duties. For grave or gross misconduct to exist, the judicial act complained of should be corrupt or inspired by the intention to violate the law, or a persistent disregard of well-known rules. The misconduct must imply wrongful intention and not a mere error of judgment.[209]

In all, Judge Yu exhibited an unbecoming arrogance in committing insubordination and gross misconduct. By her refusal to adhere to and abide by A.O. No. 19-2011, she deliberately disregarded her duty to serve as the embodiment of the law at all times. She thus held herself above the law by refusing to be bound by the issuance of the Court as the duly constituted authority on court procedures and the supervision of the lower courts. To tolerate her insubordination and gross misconduct is to abet lawlessness on her part. She deserved to be removed from the service because she thereby revealed her unworthiness of being part of the Judiciary.[210]

II Refusal to honor the appointments of court personnel

Although Judge Yu insisted on the irregularity of the appointment of Ms. Tejero-Lopez for lack of personal endorsement from her as the Presiding Judge, and of the appointment of Ms. Lagman due to a pending administrative complaint, the appointments of Ms. Tejero-Lopez and Ms. Lagman were valid and regular. As such, Judge Yu had no good reason to reject the appointments.

To start with, Ms. Tejero-Lopez and other applicants had undergone scrutiny and processing by the duly constituted committee, and the OCA had then signed and executed the appointment. Nonetheless, the authority to appoint still emanated from the Court itself.[211] Judge Yu's objection to Ms. Tejero-Lopez's appointment for lack of her personal endorsement was not enough to negate the appointment. Judge Yu had no right to reject the appointment, making her rejection another instance of gross insubordination by her. This consequence has been elucidated in Edaño v. Asdala,[212] as follows:

[R]espondent Judge Asdala, in insisting on the designation of respondent Nicandro as OIC, blithely and willfully disregarded the Memorandum of this Court, through the OCA, which approved the designation of Amy Soneja alone and not in conjunction with respondent Nicandro - as OIC. While the presiding judge, such as respondent Judge Asdala, can recommend and endorse persons to a particular position, this recommendation has to be approved by this Court. Again, the respondent judge ought to know that the Constitution grants this Court administrative supervision over all the courts and personnel thereof. In the case at bar, despite the Court's approval of Amy Soneja's designation, the respondent judge allowed, if not insisted on, the continued discharge of the duties of OIC by respondent Nicandro. Respondent Judge Asdala even had the gall to insist that as presiding judge she has the authority and discretion to designate "anyone who works under her, as long as that person enjoys her trust and confidence." Coming from a judge, such arrogance, if not ignorance, is inexcusable. The memorandum from the OCA regarding the designation of court personnel is no less an order from this Court. Court officials and personnel, particularly judges, are expected to comply with the same. Respondent judge's gross insubordination cannot be countenanced.[213]

Judge Yu could only recommend an applicant for a vacant position in her court for the consideration of the SPBLC, which then accorded priority to the recommendee if the latter possessed superior qualifications than or was at least of equal qualifications as the other applicants she did not recommend.[214] The SPBLC explained to Judge Yu the selection process that had resulted in the appointment of Ms. Tejero-Lopez. She could not impose her recommendee on the SPBLC which was legally mandated to maintain fairness and impartiality in its assessment of the applicants[215] based on performance, eligibility, education and training, experience and outstanding accomplishments, psycho-social attributes and personality traits, and potentials.[216]

Secondly, Judge Yu's rejection of the appointment of Ms. Lagman was just as unwarranted.

Under Section 34, Rule II of the Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (URACCS),[217] a pending administrative complaint shall not disqualifY an employee from promotion, thus:

Section 34. Effect of the Pendency of an Administrative Case. - Pendency of an administrative case shall not disqualify respondent from promotion or from claiming maternity/paternity benefits.

For this purpose, a pending administrative case shall be construed as follows:

a. When the disciplining authority has issued a formal charge; or

b. In case of a complaint filed by a private person, a prima facie case is found to exist by the disciplining authority.

The rule, which is reiterated in Section 42 of the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (RRACCS) of 2011,[218] cannot be interpreted otherwise.

Accordingly, Judge Yu's administrative complaint had no bearing on Ms. Lagman's appointment, more so because Ms. Lagman was held liable only for simple misconduct, a less grave offense that did not merit termination from public service for the first offense.[219] It is relevant to point out, too, that Judge Yu had no personality to object to or oppose Ms. Lagman's appointment, considering that only a qualified next-in-rank employee has been recognized as a party-in-interest to file the protest in accordance with paragraph 1.6.1, Article IX of the 2002 Revised Manual of Clerks of Court.[220]

Thirdly, we also take Judge Yu to task for disrespectful language uttered against the Court, no less. She characterized the appointment of Ms. Tejero-Lopez as "void ab initio" and "a big joke." The use of such language in assailing the Court's exercise of its absolute power of appointment was highly offensive and intemperate. She thereby disregarded her obligation to show respect and deference toward the Court and its officials. She was thereby guilty of another serious misconduct.

And, fourthly, Judge Yu issued verbal threats of filing administrative, civil and criminal charges against Ms. Tejero-Lopez unless she withdrew her application. Judge Yu reiterated the threats in her letter dated June 14, 2011 addressed to Atty. Pabello.[221] Ms. Tejero-Lopez felt intimidated enough because she actually withdrew her application (although she later went on with it). The making of the verbal threats by Judge Yu to compel a subordinate to withdraw her application constituted grave abuse of authority on the part of Judge Yu. Grave abuse of authority is committed by a public officer, who, under color of his office, wrongfully inflicts upon a person any bodily harm, imprisonment, or other injury; it is an act characterized with cruelty, severity, or excessive use of authority. Also, the intimidation exerted upon Ms. Tejero-Lopez amounted to oppression, which refers to an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful exaction, domination or excessive use of authority.[222]

III Issuing a show-cause order against fellow Judges and court personnel

According to the OCA, Judge Yu gravely abused her authority in issuing the show-cause order against his fellow Judges, the complainants against her in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ. The OCA rendered its finding thereon, as follows:

This Office finds it absolutely irregular for respondent Judge Yu to require the complainants in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ to explain within seventy-two (72) hours upon receipt of notice why they should not be cited in contempt for surreptitiously taking the TSNs, orders and minutes of the proceedings in Criminal Case No. M-PSY-09-08592-CR and using these as part of their attachments to their complaint. As the respondent in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ, respondent Judge Yu has no authority to summon the complainants (Executive Judge Colasito, et al.) because it is only the Supreme Court who has the power to issue directives requiring the parties in an administrative case to appear and to present their respective arguments in support of their position.

Not only is her directive misplaced, it also shows respondent Judge Yu's utter lack of respect and disdain for the Supreme Court. It must be noted that the parties in Criminal Case No. M-PSY-09-08592-CR (the accused Ramil Fuentes et al. and the plaintiff Republic of the Philippines) are outsiders to the administrative controversy between respondent Judge Yu and the complainants in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ. However, respondent Judge Yu acted as if she was the investigating authority instead of being the respondent. She took undue advantage of her position as a judge and used the judicial process for her own benefit. Such action clearly depicts an abusive character which has no place in the judiciary. (Bold emphasis supplied)[223]

The issuance of the show-cause order by Judge Yu represented clear abuse of court processes, and revealed her arrogance in the exercise of her authority as a judicial officer. She thereby knowingly assumed the role of a tyrant wielding power with unbridled breadth. Based on its supervisory authority over the courts and their personnel, the Court must chastise her as an abusive member of the Judiciary who tended to forget that the law and judicial ethics circumscribed the powers and discretion vested in her judicial office.

Nothing extenuated Judge Yu's abuse of authority and arrogance. Instead of accepting the error of her ways, Judge Yu defended her conduct by insisting on having the authority to initiate contempt proceedings against her fellow Judges and court personnel. She supported her insistence by citing the rulings in People v. Godoy,[224] Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan,[225] and Salcedo v. Hernandez.[226] But the cited rulings had no relevance at all. People v. Godoy related to the contemptuous newspaper article involving a case that the trial court had decided. Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan required the Tanodbayan-Ombudsman, a party in the case, to explain his contumacious remarks about an ongoing case to the media. Salcedo v. Hernandez concerned the contemptuous remarks by counsel for the petitioner in a motion filed before the Court. In short, the factual settings for the cited rulings involved parties or counsel of the parties, while the factual setting in this administrative matter concerned the act of merely copying the records of Judge Yu's court for purposes of producing evidence against her in the administrative cases her fellow Judges and the concerned court employees would be initiating against he. The latter were not parties in any pending case in her court.

Moreover, the Court notes that Judge Yu's issuance of the show-cause order emanated from her desire to retaliate against her fellow Judges and the concerned court employees considering that the allegedly contumacious conduct was the copying of court records to be used as evidence in the administrative complaint against her. She thereby breached her duty to disqualify herself from acting at all on the matter. Such self-disqualification was required under Section 5, Canon 3, and Section 8 of Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary, viz.:

Section 5. Judges shall disqualify themselves from participating in any proceedings in which they are unable to decide the matter impartially or in which it may appear to a reasonable observer that they are unable to decide the matter impartially. Such proceedings include, but are not limited to, instances where:

(a) The judge has actual bias or prejudice concerning a party or personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceedings;

x x x x

Section 8. Judges shall not use or lend the prestige of the judicial office to advance their private interest, x x x.

By insisting on her inherent authority to punish her fellow Judges for contempt of court, Judge Yu wielded a power that she did not hold. Hence, she was guilty of gross misconduct.

IV Refusal to sign the application for leave of absence and other allegations of oppression

The 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court governs the approval of an application for sick leave by court "personnel. Paragraphs 2.2.1[227] and 2.2.2,[228] Chapter X of the 2002 Revised Manual requires the submission of a medical certificate or proof of sickness prior to the approval of the application for sick leave, thus:

2.2.1 Application for sick leave

All applications for sick leave of absence for one (1) full day or more shall be made on the prescribed form and shall be filed immediately upon the employee's return from such leave. Notice of absence, however, should be sent to the immediate supervisor, and/or agency head. Application for sick leave in excess of five (5) successive days shall be accompanied by a proper medical certificate.

x x x x

2.2.2. Approval of sick leave

Sick leave shall be granted only on account of sickness or disability on the part of the employee concerned or of any member of his immediate family.

Approval of sick leave, whether with pay or without pay, is mandatory provided proof of sickness or disability is attached to the application in accordance with the applicable requirements. Unreasonable delay in the approval thereof or non-approval without justifiable reason shall be a ground for appropriate sanction against the official concerned. (Emphasis supplied)

Noel Labid complied with the 2002 Revised Manual by submitting the medical certificate and the clinical abstracts issued and certified by the Medical Records Division of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). The medical certificate indicated that he had been suffering from "Bleeding submandibular mass in hypovolemic shock Squamous cell Carcinoma Stage IV floor of mouth,"[229] while the clinical abstracts dated June 14, 2011[230] and June 23, 2011[231] indicated the same reason for his hospital admission. However, Judge Yu was unconvinced by such submissions, and adamantly refused to approve Noel's leave application supposedly based on the ruling in Re: Memorandum Report of Atty. Thelma C. Bahia against Ms. Dorothy Salgado.[232]

Judge Yu apparently misapplied the cited ruling.

Re: Memorandum Report of Atty. Thelma C. Bahia against Ms. Dorothy Salgado concerned the habitual absenteeism of the respondent court personnel, and her belated submission of the medical certificates proving her illness. Crucial was the finding that despite several attempts by her office to contact the respondent and to inquire on her situation, she had deliberately failed to inform her superior of her absence and her condition. This is not the same in the case of Noel.

Under paragraph 2.1.2[233] of the 2002 Revised Manual, heads of offices like Judge Yu possessed the authority to confirm the employee's claim of ill health. Being aware of Noel's true medical condition after having met with Mrs. Labid who had seen her to plead for the approval of her son's leave application, Judge Yu was not justified in demanding a prior written notice about Noel's serious medical condition. Neither was she justified in still requiring Noel to submit the certificate of fitness to work considering that he had yet to report for work.

Noel's medical certificate and clinical abstracts had sufficiently established the reason for his absence and his hospital admission. Despite his obvious critical condition, Judge Yu chose to ignore the medical records certified by a government health institution, and unjustifiably demanded the submission of documents that the 2002 Revised Manual did not require. Judge Yu did not convincingly establish that her actions came within the limits of her authority as a court manager, or were sanctioned by existing court regulations and policies. Her unjustified refusal to approve Noel's leave application exposed her to administrative sanction under paragraph 2.2.2 of the 2002 Revised Manual. Accordingly, Judge Yu was again guilty of grave abuse of authority.

It is not hard to believe that Judge Yu deliberately refused to sign Noel's leave application in order to cause additional hardship to him in retaliation for his joining the administrative complaint against her. We consider to be credible Mrs. Labid's narration that Judge Yu had expressed her resentment towards Noel for his signing the complaint against her. By acting so, therefore, Judge Yu was vindictive, and exhibited indifference to the plight of the critically ill subordinate in urgent need of assistance. She was guilty of oppression, which is any act of cruelty, severity, unlawful exaction, domination or excessive use of authority constituting oppression.[234] Her oppression did not befit an administrator of justice.

Nonetheless, we dismiss the other allegations of oppression towards the staffmembers of Branch 47 for failure of the complainants to substantiate the same. In administrative cases, the complainant bears the burden of proving by substantial evidence the allegations in his complaint.[235]

V Charges of gross ignorance of the law

I. Allowing on-the-job-trainees

In OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ, the complainants charged that Judge Yu had allowed on-the-job trainees (OJTs) to have access to court records. She denied this charge, however, and claimed that the students were merely "observers" because of the prohibition. The OCA found this charge unsubstantiated.

We do not agree with the OCA's finding.

The memorandum dated November 2, 2010[236] issued by Judge Yu indicated her intention to delegate the duties of an encoder to a certain Ms. Angelica Rosali, one of the OJTs concerned, thus:

MEMORANDUM

TO: Mrs. Amor Abad, Officer-in-Charge, Mr. Romer Aviles and Mr. Froilan Robert Tomas, Stenographers, Mrs. Emelina San Miguel, Records Officer, Mrs. Maxima Sayo, Process Server, and Ms. Angelica Rosali, Encoder.

RE: Preference of Typing Orders, Encoding of Monthly Report, Submission of Monthly Report, Typing of Pro-Forma Notices and Orders and Other Related Concerns

In the interest of service, the stenographers are ordered to type first the orders on sentence, dismissal and archival of cases within the day of issuing the same in open court. Said orders must be placed at the court's chambers before 2:00 p.m. for signature after checking of the case titles and dates by the office[r]-in-charge. Thereafter, after (sic) signing of these orders by the undersigned judge, these will be forwarded to the encoder of the monthly report. The encoder shall encode immediately these orders upon receipt thereof. The encoder shall be responsible for the typing of newly filed criminal and civil cases, the cases submitted for decision, and the cases decided, dismissed and archived. Upon receipt of the newly filed criminal or civil cases within a day, the officer-incharge shall place them, at the court's chambers. After the evaluation of these cases, the undersigned judge shall instruct the officer-in-charge to turn over these cases to the encoder for typing. Thereafter, after (sic) these newly filed criminal and civil cases are typed and printed within the day, a copy shall be furnished to the undersigned judge. The said cases will be given by the officer-in-charge to the records officer and process server for safekeeping. The monthly report must be submitted within the 1st week up to the 2nd week of the following month.

All other orders must be typed within the week after their issuance in open court. Every Friday, the Officer-in-Charge must see to it that all orders issued within the week are typed within the same week.

After the receipt of the printed copy of the newly filed civil and criminal cases from the encoder, the undersigned judge shall instruct the officer-in-charge to calendar these cases and to delegate fairly the typing of the notices of these cases. The officer-in-charge is directed to mimeograph the forms of subpoenas, summons, other notices, order to file an answer or counter-affidavit in cases covered by the Rule on Summary Procedure, order for the issuance of warrant of arrest, warrant of arrest, commitment order, minutes, pre-trial order and such other pro-forma orders as determined by this Court subject to delegation. With respect to an order on archiving of a case, there must be a corresponding warrant of arrest. The Officer-in-Charge is responsible for the checking of the correct name of the case title, date, parties and addresses of these proforma orders subject to delegation. Erroneous typing of case title, date, parties and addresses, among others is considered gross inefficiency if committed ten (10) consecutive times, and it calls [f]or an explanation. If re-committed another ten (10) consecutive times, this merits disciplinary sunction. (Emphasis supplied)

For strict compliance.

Thank you.

(Sgd.) Eliza B. Yu Judge

That the memorandum was not disseminated to the person concerned, and that it was not implemented were immaterial to the charge. The fact that Judge Yu issued the memorandum naming Ms. Rosali, a student, as the encoder and assigning to her court duties similar to those of a regular court employee signified Judge Yu's intention to treat Ms. Rosali as a trainee instead of as a mere observer. Ms. Rosali denied in her sinumpaang salaysay[237] that she had received the memorandum and performed encoding tasks, but nonetheless confirmed that she was directed to docket the decisions and staple the returns. The other student "observers," namely: Ms. Johaira O. Mababaya, Ms. Catherine L. Sarate and Mr. Eduardo M. Pangilinan III, also attested that they had conducted their court observation as "assistant court stenographer."

Under the circumstances, Judge Yu could not feign ignorance of the tasks assigned to and performed by the OJTs. If she had been strict about accepting student trainees, then she should not have assigned court-related tasks. In this regard, Judge Yu deliberately ignored OCA Circular No. 111-2005 in prohibiting OJTs, thus:

OCA CIRCULAR NO. 111-2005

TO : THE COURT OF APPEALS, SANDIGANBAYAN, COURT OF TAX APPEALS, REGIONAL TRIAL COURTS, SHARI'A DISTRICT COURTS, METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURTS, MUNICIPAL TRIAL COURTS, MUNICIPAL CIRCUIT TRIAL COURTS, SHARI'A CIRCUIT COURTS

SUBJECT: MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 5-2003 Re: PROHIBITING THE ACCOMODATION OF STUDENTS TO UNDERGO ON-THE-JOB TRAINING/PRACTICUM IN THE DIFFERENT OFFICES OF THE COURT

The Supreme Court En Banc in its Resolution dated 6 September 2005, in A.M. No. 05-7-16-SC, Re: Analysis of the Current Judicial System Using Information Technology by Student of the De La Salle University, Resolved to direct the undersigned to CIRCULARIZE to all lower courts Memorandum Circular No. 05-2003 dated 25 June 2003, to wit:

"MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 5-2003

PROHIBITING THE ACCOMMODATION OF STUDENTS TO UNDERGO ON-THE-JOB TRAINING/PRACTICUM IN THE DIFFERENT OFFICES OF THE COURT

It is observed that some offices of the Court allow students of different colleges and universities to undergo on-the-job training/practicum without authority or approval by the Chief Justice.

Due to security reasons which prompted the Court to deny previous requests of colleges and universities for on-the-job training/practicum, it is noted that the practice of some offices allowing students to undergo on-the-job training/practicum jeopardizes not only the functions of some offices but also their confidential records. Notably, the accommodation of these students pose as a security risk.

ACCORDINGLY, in order to ensure the security of officials and employees of the Court as well as its records, all Chiefs of Offices/Services/Divisions of the Court, including those of the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, Judicial and Bar Council and the Philippine Judicial Academy, are hereby directed to disallow on-the-job training/practicum in their respective offices/services/divisions.

x x x x

The provision of the above memorandum shall likewise apply to all trial courts to serve as a guide for similar requests of students and as reflective of the policy of the Court on the matter.

For the information and guidance of all concerned.

x x x x (Emphasis supplied)

II. Designating an Officer-in-Charge

Judge Yu designated as OIC of Branch 47 of the MeTC Mr. Ferdinand Santos, who occupied the position of Clerk III. Under the 2002 Revised Manual, the position of Clerk III fell under the first level position with a minimum educational requirement of two years of college studies,[238] and a career service sub-professional eligible.[239] The position of Clerk of Court III was a second level position with a minimum educational requirement of a Bachelor of Laws degree, at least one year relevant experience, four hours of relevant training, and a professional career service eligible.[240]

On the other hand, the CSC Memorandum Circular No. 06-05 dated February 15, 2005 provides the following guidelines:

CSC MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 06-05

TO:

All Heads of Constitutional Bodies; Departments, Bureaus and Agencies of the National Government; Local Government Units; Government-Owned or Controlled Corporations; and State Universities and Colleges

SUBJECT: Guidelines on Designation

In its Resolution No. 050157 dated February 7, 2005, the Commission has adopted the following guidelines on Designation in the civil service:

x x x x

B. Designees can only be designated to positions within the level they are currently occupying. However, Division Chiefs may be designated to perform the duties of third level positions.

First level personnel cannot be designated to perform the duties of second level positions.

x x x x (Emphasis supplied)

Designating a first-level personnel like Mr. Santos as OIC defied CSC Memorandum Circular No. 06-05 because the position of OIC was reserved for personnel belonging to the second level. It becomes immaterial whether nobody from Branch 47 opposed the designation because the memorandum circular expressly prohibits designation of first level personnel to a second level position. It is emphasized that the memorandum is crafted in the negative; hence, the memorandum is mandatory, and imports that the act required shall not be done otherwise than designated.[241]

Judge Yu's contention that the designation of the OIC was based on trust and confidence had no basis. We underscore that the OIC referred to here was the acting Branch Clerk of Court (Clerk of Court III). The 2002 Revised Manual enumerates the following duties and responsibilities of a branch clerk of court, viz.:

1.3.1 Adjudicative Support Functions

1.3.1.1

Attends all court sessions

1.3.1.2

Supervises the withdrawal of all records of cases to be heard and the preparation of the notices of hearings, court's calendar, reports, minutes, monthly reports, inventory of cases, index of exhibits, and paging of records of cases;

1.3.1.3

Sees to it that all returns of notices are attached to the corresponding evidence properly marked during the hearing as collected in an exhibit folder; and

1.3.1.4

Signs notices of orders and decisions for service to the parties, release papers of detained prisoners who are acquitted and/or who filed their corresponding bail bonds duly approved by the presiding judge.

1.3.2 Non-Adjudicative Functions

1.3.2.1

Plans, directs, supervises and coordinates the activities of all personnel in a branch of a multiple sala for effectiveness and efficiency;

1.3.2.2

Keeps tab of the attendance and whereabouts of court personnel during office hours;

1.3.2.3

Controls and manages all court records, exhibits, documents, properties and supplies;

1.3.2.4

Administers oath;

1.3.2.5

Issues certificates of appearances and clearances;

1.3.2.6

Drafts/prepares correspondence and indorsements for signature :of the Judge; and

1.3.2.7

Performs other duties that may be assigned to him.

Clerks of court are officers of the law who perform vital functions in the prompt and sound administration of justice. Their office is the hub of adjudicative and administrative orders, processes and concerns. They perform delicate functions as designated custodians of the courts funds, revenues, records, properties and premises.[242] The functions of a clerk of court require a higher degree of education as well as understanding of the law and court processes, that they cannot be delegated to first level personnel such as Mr. Santos. The position requires not only trust and confidence, but most importantly, education and experience. Ineluctably, the respondent ignored the clear import of CSC Memorandum Circular No. 06-05 in designating Mr. Santos as OIC.

III. Ordering presentation of ex parte evidence before the OIC who was not a member of the Bar

Judge Yu argued that she did not commit any irregularity in ordering the presentation of ex parte evidence before herOIC who was not a member of the Bar because the rule on the reception of evidence by a member of the Bar was only directory under Section 9, Rule 30 of the Revised Rules of Civil Procedure, which uses the word may.

Judge Yu's argument does not impress.

Section 9, Rule 30 of the Revised Rules of Civil Procedure expressly requires that only clerks of court who are members of the Bar can be delegated to receive evidence ex parte, thus:

Section 9. Judge to receive evidence; delegation to clerk of court. - The judge of the court where the case is pending shall personally receive the evidence to be adduced by the parties. However, in default or ex parte hearings, and in any case where the parties agree in writing, the court may delegate the reception of evidence to its clerk of court who is a member of the bar. The clerk of court shall have no power to rule on objections to any question or to the admission of exhibits, which objections shall be resolved by the court upon submission of his report and the transcripts within ten (10) days from termination of the hearing. (Emphasis supplied)

The word may used in the rule related only to the discretion by the trial court of delegating the reception of evidence to the Clerk of Court, not to the requirement that the Clerk of Court so delegated be a member of the Bar. The rule on ex parte reception of evidence was unequivocal on this point, and required no elaboration. Neither the agreement by the parties nor their acquiescence could justify its violation.[243] It followed that Judge Yu could not validly allow the presentation of evidence ex parte before Mr. Santos who was a mere OIC because he was not a member of the Bar. Breach of the rule on reception of evidence represented her ignorance of the rule of procedure in question, and subjected her to administrative liability for misconduct.[244]

IV. Allowing criminal proceedings without the actual participation of the public prosecutor

Anent the charge that she allowed the prosecution of criminal actions without the presence of the public prosecutor, Judge Yu retorted that the complainants were not the proper parties to assail her orders; that the accused in People v. Manduriao had begged to be arraigned without counsel after being informed of the penalty for the offense charged; and that the trial of the case could proceed without the public prosecutor, b ut not in the absence of a judge.[245]

We are appalled that a Judge like the respondent would explain herself in such a fundamentally wrong manner.

Section 5, Rule 110 of the Rules of Court states:

Section 5. Who must prosecute criminal actions. - All criminal actions commenced by a complaint or information shall be prosecuted under the direction and control of the prosecutor. In case of heavy work schedule or in the event of lack of public prosecutors, the private prosecutor may be authorized in writing by the Chief of the Prosecution Office or the Regional State Prosecution Office to prosecute the case subject to the approval of the Court. Once so authorized to prosecute the criminal action, the private prosecutor shall continue to prosecute the case up to the end of the trial even in the absence of a public prosecutor, unless the authority is revoked or otherwise withdrawn.

x x x x

Accordingly all criminal actions shall be prosecuted under the control and direction of the public prosecutor.[246] The true reason is that the prosecution of criminal offenses is always a public function.[247] In People v. Ramos,[248] we cautioned that the exception stated in Section 5, supra, should be strictly construed, thus:

The exception provided in Section 5 must be strictly applied as the prosecution of crime is the responsibility of officers appointed and trained for that purpose. The violation of the criminal laws is an affront to the People of the Philippines as a whole and not merely the person directly prejudiced, who is merely the complaining witness. This being so, it is necessary that the prosecution be handled by persons sldlled in this function instead of being entrusted to private persons or public officers with little or no preparation for this responsibility. The exception should be allowed only when the conditions therefor as set forth in Section 5, Rule 110 of the Rules on Criminal Procedure have been clearly established.

In Pinote v. Ayco,[249] the Court castigated the respondent judge for allowing the presentation of the defense witnesses in the absence of the public prosecutor or the private prosecutor specially designated for the purpose. A breach of the Rules of Court like that could not be rectified by subsequently giving the Prosecution the chance to cross-examine the witnesses. Judge Yu committed a flagrant error by allowing the direct examination of the defense witness without the public prosecutor, or without the private counsel duly authorized by the public prosecutor in Criminal Case No. M-PSY-09-08592-CR.

In addition, Judge Yu disregarded Section 6, Rule 116 of the Rules of Court when she allowed the change of plea by the accused in People v. Manduriao without the assistance of counsel. Judge Yu justified herself by claiming that she had apprised the accused of the penalty for the offense charged, which had then convinced the accused to change his plea.

The Court cannot accept her justification. In Gamas v. Oco,[250] we took the respondent judge to task for conducting an arraignment without the presence of counsel, and observed:

Section 6 of Rule 116 means that:

[W]hen a defendant appears [at the arraignment] without [an] attorney, the court has four important duties to comply with: 1-It must inform the defendant that it[,] is his right to have [an] attorney before being arraigned; 2-After giving him such information the court must ask him if he desires the aid of attorney; 3-If he desires and is unable to employ [an] attorney, the court must assign [an] attorney de oficio to defend him; and 4-If the accused desires to procure an attorney of his own the court must grant him a reasonable time therefor.

Compliance with these four duties is mandatory. The only instance when the court can arraign an accused without the benefit of counsel is if the accused waives such right and the court, finding the accused capable, allows him to represent himself in person. However, to be a valid waiver, the accused must make the waiver voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently. In determining whether the accused can make a valid waiver, the court must take into account all the relevant circumstances, including the educational attainment of the accused. In the present case, however, respondent judge contends that complainants waived their right to counsel and insisted on their immediate arraignment.[251]

The justification that the accused had waived his right to counsel, and had changed his plea after the respondent Judge had explained to him the imposable penalty for the offense did not stand considering that in order that the waiver by the accused of his right to counsel would be valid, the trial court must ensure that the accused did so voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently, taking into account the capacity of the accused to give such consent. We have nothing to show that Judge Yu took the pains to enforce the safeguards.

Every judge was expected to know the fundamental substantive and procedural requirements on arraignment and right to counsel.[252] We have always been clear about the right of the accused to counsel under the Constitution, and about the requirements for the arraignment of an accused under the Rules of Court. As such, Judge Yu was guilty of gross ignorance of the law, which is ignorance of the law when the law is so elementary, and when one professes not to know it, or when one acts as if she does not know it. Canon 6 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct prescribes that competence is a prerequisite to the due performance of the judicial office. In Judge Yu's case, her competence was indispensable to her fair and proper administration of justice in her office. By failing to adhere to and implement existing laws, policies, and the basic rules of procedure, she seriously compromised her ability to be an effective magistrate.

VI Sending of inappropriate messages was conduct unbecoming of a judicial officer

Judge Yu denied sending the messages to Judge San Gaspar-Gito, and countered that it was the latter who first sent the "meal stub" message. She maintained that the messages were confidential and inadmissible as evidence under the exclusionary rule.

Judge Yu's reliance on the exclusionary rule fails.

The exclusionary rule, or the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, presupposes a violation of law on the part of the agents of the Govemment,[253] and bars the admission of evidence obtained in violation of the right against unreasonable searches and seizures expressly defined under Section 2, Article III of the Constitution.[254] The exclusionary rule under Section 3(2), Article III of the Constitution refers to the prohibition against the issuance of general warrants that encourage law e nforcers to go on fishing expeditions.[255]

Judge Yu did not specify that the State had unlawfully intruded into her privacy. The subjects of the present inquiry were the messages sent by her to Judge San Gaspar-Gito. Regardless of the mode of their transmission, the ownership of the messages pertained to the latter as the recipient. Considering that it was the latter who granted access to such messages, there was no violation of Judge Yu's right to privacy. As such, the grant of access by Judge San Gaspar-Gito did not require the consent of Judge Yu as the writer.[256] To recall, the Court directed the MISO to retrieve the messages for purposes of these cases.[257] Based on the certification issued by the authorized MISO personnel,[258] the messages were extracted from the Yahoo and Facebook accounts of Judge San Gaspar-Gito with the use of her official workstation. Hence, the exclusionary rule did not apply.

Judge Yu denied the imputed significance of the messages.

The denial lacked persuasion. In her October 3, 2009 message to Judge San Gaspar-Gito's Yahoo account, Judge Yu apologized to Judge San Gaspar-Gito, and expressly clarified that Judge San Gaspar-Gito had not sent the "meal stub." Judge Yu even requested Judge San Gaspar-Gito to "forget all [her] emails ... since June ..."[259] This apologetic tone from Judge Yu rendered her denial of responsibility devoid of substance.

Moreover, the barrage of messages, most of which were sent within the same day, makes us believe that they had all come from Judge Yu. Although she insisted that Judge San Gaspar-Gito had sent the "meal stub," Judge Yu did not offer any plausible explanation on the other messages containing sexual innuendos.

It is notable that the Facebook and Yahoo messages started in August 2009 when Judge Yu was still a public prosecutor. Nonetheless, she could still be disciplined for such acts committed prior to her appointment to the Judiciary because her internet stalking of Judge San Gaspar-Gito continued after she had herself become a MeTC Judge in Pasay City on January 12, 2010 and lasted until July 2010.

Our reading of the messages supports the studied conclusions by CA Justice Abdulwahid that they did contain sexual insinuations that were ostensibly improper for a Judge to write and send to another. The messages, however they may be read and understood, were at least vexatious and annoying. In any case, the sender showed her deep-seated proclivities reflective of conduct unbecoming of a member of the Judiciary.

Finally, the OCA submits that Judge Yu's use of the letterhead of her office or court in summoning to a conference Atty. Reynaldo San Gaspar, the brother of Judge San Gaspar-Gito, constituted abuse of power, and violated Section 8, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct, thus:

Respondent Judge Yu's use of the letterhead of Branch 47, MeTC, to invite Atty. Reynaldo San Gaspar, complainant Judge Gito's brother, to her court is no different from the aforecited cases. Respondent Judge Yu's letter reads as follows:

Our court is inviting you for a brief conference in our court on August 5, 2011 around 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. or any available and convenient time and place for you, to clarify certain matters pertaining to the two (2) letters both dated July 12, 2010 of your sister Judge Emily L. San Gaspar-Gito. She can come with you if she wants to.

Your cooperation is highly appreciated.

Thank you.

It is worthy to note that aside from appropriating the court's letterhead, respondent [J]udge Yu used the words "our court" to invite Atty. San Gaspar for the purpose of clarifying matters relative to the ongoing controversy between her and complainant Judge Gito. Even for an ordinary layman, receiving a letter from the court would already create the impression that his presence in the said venue is compulsory. Indeed, the letter to Atty. San Gaspar is a clear illustration of how respondent Judge Yu abuses her power as a member of the bench so that others would give in to her wishes. She undoubtedly took advantage of her position and used the same as a leverage against complainant Judge Gito who filed a case against her. This is patently a violation of Section 8, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct which mandates that judges shall not use the prestige of such office to advance their personal interests.[260]

The submission is well-founded.

In Ladignon v. Garong,[261] we discoursed on the liability of Judges for using their official letterhead to advance their personal interests, thus:

x x x In Rosauro v. Kallos, we found the respondent Judge liable for violating Rule 2.03 of the Code of the Judicial Conduct when he used his stationery for his correspondence on a private transaction with the complainant and his counsel parties with a pending case in his court. The Court held:

By using his sala's stationery other than for official purposes, respondent Judge evidently used the prestige of his office x x x in violation of Rule 2.03 of the Code.

We do not depart from this rule on the use of official stationary. We clarify, however, that the use of a letterhead should not be considered independently of the surrounding circumstances of the use-the underlying reason that marks the use with the element of "impropriety" or "appearance of impropriety". In the present case, the respondent Judge crossed the line of propriety when he used his letterhead to report a complaint involving an alleged violation of church rules and, possibly, of Philippine laws. Coming from a judge with the letter addressed to a foreign reader, such report could indeed have conveyed the impression of official recognition or notice of the reported violation.

The same problem that the use of letterhead poses, occurs in the use of the title of Judge or Justice in the correspondence of a member of the Judiciary. While the use of the title is an official designation as well as an honor that an incumbent has earned, a line still has to be drawn based on the circumstances of the use of the appellation. While the title can be used for social and other identification purposes, it cannot be used with the intent to use the prestige of his judicial office to gainfully advance his personal, family or other pecuniary interests. Nor can the prestige of a judicial office be used or lent to advance the private interests of others, or to convey or permit others to convey the impression that they are in a special position to influence the judge. (Canon 2, Rule 2.03 of the Code of Judicial Conduct) To do any of these is to cross into the prohibited field of impropriety.[262]

In the letter in question, Judge Yu used the phrase "our court" in issuing the invitation to Atty. San Gaspar. She was obviously intending to use her authority as an incumbent Judge to advance her personal interest. Such conduct was reprehensible because she thereby breached Section 4 of Canon 1 and Section 1 of Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct, viz.:

CANON 1 INDEPENDENCE

x x x x

SECTION. 4. Judges shall not allow family, social, or other relationships to influence judicial conduct or judgment. The prestige of judicial office shall not be used or lent to advance the private interests of others, nor convey or permit others to convey the impression that they are in a special position to influence the judge.

CANON 4 PROPRIETY

Propriety and the appearance of propriety are essential to the performance of all the activities of a judge.

SECTION 1. Judges shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of their activities.

x x x x

VII

The Penalties

In fine, the administrative offenses Judge Yu committed were the following, to wit:

In A.M. No. MTJ-12-1823, insubordination and gross misconduct for her non-compliance with A.O. No. 19-2011;

In A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836 and A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815, gross insubordination for her unwarranted refusal to honor the appointments of court personnel and rejection of the appointment of Ms. Lagman; disrespect toward the Court for her intemperate and disrespectful language in characterizing Ms. Tejero-Lopez's valid appointment as void ab initio and a big joke; and grave abuse of authority and oppression for issuing verbal threats of filing administrative, civil and criminal charges against Ms. Tejero-Lopez unless the latter withdrew her application;

In OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ and OCA IPI No. 12-2456-MTJ, grave abuse of authority and abuse of court processes for issuing the show-cause order against her fellow Judges and court personnel; and gross misconduct amounting to violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct for not disqualifying herself in acting on the supposedly contumacious conduct of her fellow Judges and concerned court personnel in copying the records of her court;

In OCA IPI No. 12-2398-MTJ, refusal to perform official functions and oppression for refusing to sign the application for leave of absence despite the employee having complied with the requirements, and for doing so in retaliation for the employee's having joined as signatory of administrative complaint filed against her;

Gross ignorance of the law for: (a) allowing on-the-job trainees and designating an OIC who did not possess the minimum qualifications for the position and without approval from the Court (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ; (b) ordering the presentation of ex parte evidence before the OIC despite his not being a member of the Bar (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ); (c) allowing criminal proceedings to be conducted without the actual participation of the public prosecutor (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815); and (d) authorizing the change of plea by the accused without the assistance of counsel; and

In A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821, conduct unbecoming of a judicial officer for sending inappropriate messages with sexual undertones to a fellow female Judge, and for using the official letterhead of her judicial office in summoning a lawyer to a conference.

In view of the totality of the serious infractions committed by Judge Yu, the OCA recommended her dismissal from the service with the following ratiocination, to wit:

In all the cases subject of this consolidated administrative matters, the totality of the infractions committed by Judge Yu, i.e.. Gross Ignorance of the Law, Insubordination and Refusal to Perform Official Functions, Gross Misconduct Amounting to Violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct, Grave Abuse of Authority, Oppression, and Conduct Unbecoming a Judge, underscores the fact that she is not fit to occupy the position of a judge. She has done more than enough harm to the reputation of the judiciary and the administration of justice, exacerbated by the oppression she has inflicted on her subordinates and her utter disrespect for her superiors.

In similar instances, the Supreme Court did not hesitate to impose upon erring judges the ultimate penalty of dismissal from service as they have indeed fallen short of the standards required of them as dispensers of justice. These same standards must be required of respondent Judge Yu, failing which she must be meted the penalty of dismissal from the service.[263]

The recommendation of the OCA is well-taken.

Judge Yu unquestionably committed several gross and serious administrative offenses ranging from gross misconduct and gross ignorance[264] to the lesser offense of conduct unbecoming of a judicial officer.[265] Under Section 8, Rule 140 of the Rules of Court, either gross misconduct or gross ignorance of the law is punished by either: (1) dismissal from the service, forfeiture of benefits, and disqualification from reinstatement to any public office; or (2) suspension from office without salary and other benefits for more than three months but not exceeding six months; or (3) fine of more than P20,000.00 but not exceeding P40,000.00.[266] Under Section 46B, Rule 10 of the Revised Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, either oppression or gross insubordination - also considered grave offenses - is punishable with suspension from office for a period ranging from six months and one day to one year for the first offense, and dismissal from the service for the second offense. Under Section 11, Rule 140 of the Rules of Court, conduct unbecoming of a judicial officer merits either: (1) fine of not less than P1,000.00 but not exceeding P10,000.00; or (2) censure; or (3) reprimand; or (4) admonition with warning.

The grossness and severity of her offenses taken together demonstrated Judge Yu's unfitness and incompetence to further discharge the office and duties of a Judge. Her arrogance and insubordination in challenging A.O. No. 19-2011, and her unyielding rejection of the appointments of court personnel constituted gross insubordination and gross misconduct, and warranted her immediate dismissal from the Judiciary. Her requiring her fellow Judges to submit to her authority by virtue of her showcause order, whereby she revealed her utter disrespect towards and disdain for them, as well as her conduct unbecoming of a judicial officer aggravated her liability. The administration of justice cannot be entrusted to one like her who would readily ignore and disregard the laws and policies enacted by the Court to guarantee justice and fairness for all.

VIII Disbarment Cannot Be Meted Without Due Process

The foregoing findings may already warrant Judge Yu's disbarment.

A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC, dated September 17, 2002 and entitled Re: Automatic Conversion of Some Administrative Cases Against Justices of the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan; Judges of Regular and Special Courts; and Court Officials Who are Lawyers as Disciplinary Proceedings Against Them Both as Such Officials and as Members of the Philippine Bar,[267] relevantly states:

Some administrative cases against Justices of the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan; judges of regular and special courts; and court officials who are lawyers are based on grounds which are likewise grounds for the disciplinary action of members of the Bar for violation of the Lawyer's Oath, the Code of Professional Responsibility, and the Canons of Professional Ethics, or for such other forms of breaches of conduct that have been traditionally recognized as grounds for the discipline of lawyers.

In any of the foregoing instances, the administrative case shall also be considered a disciplinary action against the respondent Justice, judge or court official concerned as a member of the Bar. The respondent may forthwith be required to comment on the complaint and show cause why he should not also be suspended, disbarred or otherwise disciplinarily sanctioned aa member of the Bar. Judgment in both respects may be incorporated in one decision or resolution.

Under Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, an attorney may be disbarred on the ground of gross misconduct and willful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court. Given her wanton defiance of the Court's own directives, her open disrespect towards her fellow judges, her blatant abuse of the powers appurtenant to her judicial office, and her penchant for threatening the defenseless with legal actions to make them submit to her will, we should also be imposing the penalty of disbarment. The object of disbarment is not so much to punish the attorney herself as it is to safeguard the administration of justice, the courts and the public from the misconduct of officers of the court. Also, disbarment seeks to remove from the Law Profession attorneys who have disregarded their I. awyer's Oath and thereby proved themselves unfit to continue discharging the trust and respect given to them as members of the Bar.[268]

The administrative charges against respondent Judge Yu based on grounds that were also grounds for disciplinary actions against members of the Bar could easily be treated as justifiable disciplinary initiatives against her as a member of the Bar. This treatment is explained by the fact that her membership in the Bar was an integral aspect of her qualification for judgeship. Also, her moral and actual unfitness to remain as a Judge, as found in these cases, reflected her indelible unfitness to remain as a member of the Bar. At the very least, a Judge like her who disobeyed the basic rules of judicial conduct should not remain as a member of the Bar because she had thereby also violated her Lawyer's Oath.[269]

Indeed, respondent Judge Yu's violation of the fundamental tenets of judicial conduct embodied in the New Code of Judicial Conduct for the Philippine Judiciary would constitute a breach of the following canons of the Code of Professional Responsibility, to wit:

CANON 1 - A LAWYER SHALL UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION, OBEY THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND PROMOTE RESPECT FOR LAW AND FOR LEGAL PROCESSES.

Rule 1.02 - A lawyer shall not counsel or abet activities aimed at defiance of the law or at lessening confidence in the legal system.

CANON 6 THESE CANONS SHALL APPLY TO LAWYERS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE IN THE DISCHARGE OF THEIR OFFICIAL TASKS.

Rule 6.02 - A lawyer in the government service shall not use his public position to promote or advance his private interests, nor allow the latter to interfere with his public duties.

CANON 11 - A LAWYER SHALL OBSERVE AND MAINTAIN THE RESPECT DUE TO THE COURTS AND TO JUDICIAL OFFICERS AND SHOULD INSIST ON SIMILAR CONDUCT BY OTHERS.

Rule 11.03 - A lawyer shall abstain from scandalous, offensive or menacing language or behavior before the Courts.

The Court does not take lightly the ramifications of Judge Yu's misbehavior and misconduct as a judicial officer. By penalizing her with the supreme penalty of dismissal from the service, she should not anymore be allowed to remain a member of the Law Profession.

However, this rule of fusing the dismissal of a Judge with disbarment does not in any way dispense with or set aside the respondent's right to due process. As such, her disbarment as an offshoot of A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC without requiring her to comment on the disbarment would be violative of her right to due process. To accord due process to her, therefore, she should first be afforded the opportunity to defend her professional standing as a lawyer before the Court would determine whether or not to disbar her.

IX Final Word

The Court will not hesitate to impose the extreme penalty on any judicial officer who has fallen short of the responsibilities of her worthy office. Any conduct that violates the norms of public accountability and diminishes the faith of the people in the judicial system must be condemned.[270] No act or omission by a Judge or Justice that falls short of the exacting norms of holding the public office of dispensing justice can be condoned, for the most important thing for every Judge or Justice is to preserve the people's faith and confidence in the Judiciary as well as in the individuals who dispense justice. The image of the Judiciary must remain unsullied by the misconduct of its officials. The Court will not shirk from its duty of removing from the Bench any Judge or Justice who has stained the integrity and dignity of the Judiciary.[271] This is what must be done now in these consolidated cases.

WHEREFORE, the Court FINDS and PRONOUNCES respondent JUDGE ELIZA B. YU GUILTY of GROSS INSUBORDINATION; GROSS IGNORANCE OF THE LAW; GROSS MISCONDUCT; GRAVE ABUSE OF AUTHORITY; OPPRESSION; and CONDUCT UNBECOMING OF A JUDICIAL OFFICIAL; and, ACCORDINGLY, DISMISSES her from the service EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, with FORFEITURE OF ALL HER BENEFITS, except accrued leave credits, and further DISQUALIFIES her from.reinstatement or appointment to any public office or employment, including to one in any government-owned or government-controlled corporations.

Respondent JUDGE ELIZA B. YU is directed to show cause in writing within ten (10) days from notice why she should not be disbarred for violation of the Lawyer's Oath, the Code of Professional Responsibility, and the Canons of Professional Ethics as outlined herein.

Let a copy of this decision be furnished to the Office of the Court Administrator for its information and guidance.

SO ORDERED.

Sereno, C. J., Carpio, Velasco, Jr., Leonardo-De Castro, Bersamin, Del Castillo, Perez, Mendoza, Reyes, Jardeleza, and Caguioa, JJ., concur. Brion, J., see Concurring & Dissenting Opinion. Peralta, and Perlas-Bernabe, JJ., on official leave. Leonen, J., I join Justice Brion.

NOTICE OF JUDGMENT

Sirs/Mesdames:

Please take notice that on November 22, 2016 a Decision/Resolution, copy attached herewith, was rendered by the Supreme Court in the above-entitled administrative matters, the original of which was received by this Office on December 16, 2016 at 1:10 p.m.

Very truly yours,

(SGD)

FELIPA G. BORLONGAN-ANAMA

Clerk of Court

[1] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813), p. 157.

[2] Id. at 183.

[3] Id. at 39-40.

[4] Id. at 38.

[5] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 18.

[6] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1318), p. 12.

[7] Id. at 33.

[8] Id. at 30-32.

[9] Id. at 20.

[10] Id. at 19.

[11] Id. at 13-17.

[12] Id. at 28.

[13] Id. at 28-29.

[14] Id. at 18.

[15] Id. at 35.

[16] Id. at 1-11.

[17] Id. at 41.

[18] Id. at 43.

[19] Id. at 43-44.

[20] Id. at 45;98-105.

[21] Id. at 98-110; among her submissions were contentions on the supremacy of the Constitution; marketplace of ideas; privileged communications; totality and spirit of the letter; and the weight of evidence and burden of proof.

[22] Id. at 44.

[23] Id. at 47-50; she argued that the drafters of A.O. No. 19-2011 should have considered the material change brought about by Section 12 of the 1991 Revised Rules on Summary Procedure, and the reverse order of arraignment and submission of affidavits under the 1983 Rule on Summary Procedure in Special Cases.(see Comment dated July 16, 2012).

[24] Id. at 110.

[25] Id. at 59-61.

[26] Id. at 108.

[27] Id. at 111-113.

[28] Id. at 153; 158.

[29] Id. at 154; 158.

[30] Id.

[31] Id. at 736.

[32] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), p. 52.

[33] Id. at 54.

[34] Id. at 55-58.

[35] Id. at 53; 59.

[36] Id. at 84-90.

[37] Id. at 61-62.

[38] Id. at 69.

[39] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815), p. 4.

[40] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), p. 70.

[41] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815), pp. 5-6.

[42] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), pp. 71-72.

[43] Id. at 91.

[44] Id. at 95; on May 2, 2011, the OCA-SPBLC met and resolved to wait for the explanation of Ms. Tejero-Lopez regarding her withdrawal; ACA Bahia volunteered to talk to Ms. Tejero-Lopez; following their meeting on May 9, 2011, ACA Bahia reported that Ms. Tejero-Lopez had only been prevailed upon by Judge Yu to withdraw her application by threatening to file the necessary actions to revoke her appointment or to remove her from the service.

[45] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815), p. 3.

[46] Id. at 1-2.

[47] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), p. 103.

[48] Rollo (A.M. MTJ-12-1815), p. 8.

[49] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), pp. 115-116.

[50] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), pp. 239-244.

[51] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 159.

[52] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815), pp. 1-2.

[53] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1836), pp. 414-415.

[54] Id. at 410-412.

[55] Id. at 408-409.

[56] Id. at 25.

[57] Id. at 19-20.

[58] Id. at 18.

[59] Id. at 1-17.

[60] Id. at 227-228.

[61] Id. at 229-234.

[62] Id. at 229.

[63] Id. at 231.

[64] Id. at 233-234.

[65] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 1-9.

[66] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 1-17.

[67] Id. at 127-151.

[68] Article 231. Open disobedience. Any judicial or executive officer who shall openly refuse to execute the judgment, decision or order of any superior authority made within the scope of the jurisdiction of the latter and issued with all the legal formalities, shall suffer the penalties of arresto mayor in its medium period to prision correccional in its minimum period, temporary special disqualification in its maximum period and a fine not exceeding 1,000 pesos.

[69] Rollo (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), pp. 48-49.

[70] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 3.

[71] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 4.

[72] Id.

[73] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 2.

[74] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 135-136.

[75] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 7-8.

[76] Rollo (A.M. No. 12-109-MeTC), pp. 1-2.

[77] Id. at 128; see letter dated May 5, 2011 addressed to ACA Thelma C. Bahia.

[78] Id. at 126.

[79] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 183-184.

[80] Id.

[81] Id. at 52-67.

[82] Id. at 60.

[83] Id. at 9.

[84] Id. at 10; also rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 7.

[85] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 2-3.

[86] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 38-51.

[87] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 15.

[88] Id. at 25.

[89] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 16-24; the complainants in A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815 alleged that Judge Yu also allowed the prosecution of the following cases without the presence of the public prosecutor, viz.: Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-14002-CR (People v. Chudee Morales Dulay); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-13956 (People v. Regielyn Hidalgo); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-13986-CR (People v. Jennifer Alcantara); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-13991-CR (People v. Cris Gonzaga); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-13446-CR (People v. Sps. Joselito Lacsamana, et al.); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-11-13510-CR (People v. Vicente Guillermo); Criminal Case Nos. M-PSY-10-12631-CR and M PSY-10-12632 (People v. Lorna Boto); Criminal Case Nos. M-PSY-10-12228-CR and M-PSY-10-12229-CR (People v. Evangelina Arias); Criminal Case No. M-PSY-10-11902-CR (People v. Anecito Basada).

[90] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-11-2378), pp. 6, 33.

[91] Id. at 131-135.

[92] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 3-4.

[93] Id. at 42-56; (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 73-89; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), pp. 437-453.

[94] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 74; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), p. 438.

[95] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 437.

[96] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 80.

[97] Id. at 73; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), p. 437.

[98] Ms. Angelica Rosali, one of the OJTs, submitted an affidavit denying the charges against the respondent. (see Sinumpaang Salaysay [Rollo, OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ, pp. 57-58]); the other OJTs, namely, Ms. Johaira O. Mababaya, Ms. Catherine L. Sarate and Mr. Eduardo M. Pangilinan III, executed a joint affidavit (Id. at p. 76) stating that they had only acted as assistant to court stenographer Mr. Froilan Robert L. Tomas during their court observation.

[99] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 43; see also letter dated September 5, 2011 (rollo [OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ], pp. 145-B-149).

[100] Id. at 44.

[101] Id. at 45-46.

[102] Id. at 47-49.

[103] Id. at 49.

[104] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 86; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), p. 450. In her letter dated August 7, 2011 addressed to Court Administrator Marquez, ACA Bahia and Atty. Geronga, the respondent cited People v. Malinao (G.R. No. L-63735, April 5, 1990, 184 SCRA 148) where the Court held that the absence of the public prosecutor at the trial was not prejudicial to the accused because the witness had only testified on the autopsy report without any objection being interposed by the appellant's counsel, and the Defense waived the public prosecutor's presence (Rollo [OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ], pp. 235-236).

[105] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 50.

[106] Id.

[107] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 248.

[108] Id. at 80-81.

[109] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 47; see Affidavit of Mr. Ferdinand Santos, at 74-75.

[110] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), p. 83; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), p. 447.

[111] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 49.

[112] Id. at 50.

[113] Id. at 54-56.

[114] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 85-86; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), pp. 449-450; (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 51-53.

[115] Rollo OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ), pp. 86-87; (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), pp. 450-451.

[116] Id. at 251.

[117] Id. at 253.

[118] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 12-2456-MTJ), p. 1.

[119] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 12-2456-MTJ), p. 2.

[120] Rollo (A.M. No. 12-1-09-MeTC), p. 410.

[121] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 12-2456-MTJ), p. 4.

[122] Id. at 14-16.

[123] Id.

[124] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2398-MTJ), pp. 1-5.

[125] Id. at 1.

[126] Id.

[127] Id. at 2.

[128] Id.

[129] Id. at 26.

[130] Id. at 25.

[131] Id. at 2.

[132] Id. at 6-7.

[133] Id. at 17.

[134] Id. at 28.

[135] Id. at 30.

[136] Id. at 43-47.

[137] Id. at 45.

[138] Id. at 46.

[139] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 4-6.

[140] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. II, TSN dated August 29, 2013, pp. 663-666.

[141] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, p. 4

[142] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, Annex "A" of Letter of Mr. Alexander M. Arevalo, Acting Chief of the SC Management Information Systems Office (MISO) dated May 27, 2013, p. 367.

[143] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, Annex "O" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 533.

[144] Id.

[145] Judge San Gaspar-Gito stated that the "cute little devil" being referred to was a photo of her son in a red devil suit, while she was the one alluded to as red, hot and horny as she was wearing a red blouse in a family photo (TSN dated August 29, 2013, rollo [A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821], Vol. II, pp. 690-691).

[146] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I; Annex "D" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 534.

[147] Id. at 535-537.

[148] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I , Annex "B" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 443.

[149] Id. at 446-447.

[150] Id. at 448.

[151] Id. at 449.

[152] Id. at 450.

[151] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, Annex "A" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 451.

[154] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), VoL I, Annex "B" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 461.

[155] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, Annex "A" ofLetter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 389.

[156] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821) Vol. I, Annex "B" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 463.

[157] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821) Vol. I, Annex "D" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, pp. 503-504.

[158] Id. at 468-469.

[159] The March 19, 2010 email message of Judge San Gaspar-Gito reads:

Re: hello there ... Thursday, March 18, 2010 7:46 PM From: "emily san gaspar"

To: "Bambi Yu"

Elisa, a cousin of mine informed me that someone has created an account in my name, changing the same to "Rudela San Gaspar". When he traced the link re: the captured photo of my son and the other photos, the same was traceable from you. I looked into it and I am sure you are indeed the culprit. The details you originally placed in the Profile were matters that have been the subject of our earlier discussions. Even the photos you attached were the ones you captured from my previous Account, as what you have emailed me once.

I consider you as a friend but I cannot tolerate such childish act. We are both judges and, on many occasions you have shown your idiosyncratic tendencies. I tried to be civil with you but what you have done is really the height of indecency. Faking a profile or misrepresenting someone in the Internet to enter into somebody else's private domain is conduct unbecoming of a judge. I compiled all the e-mails you sent to me through my Face book Account. Those reflect how disturbed and unstable you are. If you do not stop on pestering me and my family I will forward all those e-mails to the Supreme Court in the form of a complaint and, to your parents and siblings as well, so that you may be taught a lesson on decency, civility, morality and good conduct. (Rollo, [A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821] Annex "A," Letter of Mr. Alexander M. Arevalo, Acting Chief of the SC Management Information Systems Office (MISO) dated May 27, 2013, p. 415).

[160] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, Annex "A" of Letter of Mr. Arevalo dated May 27, 2013, p. 430.

[161] Id. at 431.

[162] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 102-103; see also Affidavit of Juliet Tabanao-Galicnao, Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 99-101.

[163] Id. at 4-6.

[164] Id. at 27.

[165] Id. at 28-32.

[166] Id.

[167] Id. at 33-34.

[168] Section 32. Obligation of Confidentiality. - Except for the purposes authorized under this Act, any person who obtained access to any electronic key, electronic data message or electronic document, book, register, correspondence, information, or other material pursuant to any powers conferred under this Act, shall not convey to or share the same with any other person.

[169] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. II, p. 242.

[170] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 52-97.

[171] Id. at 256.

[172] Id. at 353.

[173] Id. at 272-274.

[174] Id. at 358-538.

[175] Id. at 362-538.

[176] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. II, pp. 124-202.

[177] Id. at 127.

[178] Id. at 128.

[179] Id. at 138.

[180] Id. at 129.

[181] Id. at 129-130.

[182] Id. at 130.

[183] Id. at 197-198.

[184] Id. at 203-212.

[185] Id. at 490-491.

[186] Id. at 135.

[187] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 600-601.

[188] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. II, p. 490.

[189] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 600-611.

[190] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813), pp. 695-696.

[191] Court Administrator Marquez did not take part in the evaluation, report and recommendation.

[192] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813), pp. 697-755.

[193] Id. at 754-755.

[194] Id. at 729.

[195] Id. at 730.

[196] Id. at 730, 739-741, 752.

[197] Id. at 731-734.

[198] Id. at 735-736.

[199] Id. at 749-751.

[200] Section 6. The Supreme Court shall have administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof.

[201] Fernandez v. Hamoy, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1821, August 12, 2004, 436 SCRA 186, 193.

[202] Id. at 213.

[203] See Office of the Court Administrator v. Indar, A.M. No. RTJ-11-2287, January 22, 2014, 714 SCRA 381, 391-393; Falsification of Daily Time Records of Ma. Emcisa A. Benedictos, Administrative Officer I, Regional Trial Court, Malolos City, Bulacan, A.M. No. P-10-2784, October 19, 2011 659 SCRA 403, 409.

[204] Id.

[205] Office of the Court Administrator v. Amor, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2140, October 7, 2014, 737 SCRA 509, 518.

[206] A.M. No. MTJ-03-1504, August 26, 2003, 409 SCRA 606, 612.

[207] Marigomen v. Labar, A.M. No. CA-15-33-P, August 24, 2015; Dalmacio-Joaquin v. Dela Cruz, A.M. No. P-07-2321, April 24, 2009, 586 SCRA 344, 349.

[208] Rule 3.01, Canon 3 of the Code of Judicial Conduct.

[209] Gacad v. Clapis, Jr., A.M. No. RTJ-10-2257, July 17, 2012, 676 SCRA 534, 544.

[210] Zamudio v. Peñas, Jr., A.M. No. RTJ-95-1332, February 24, 1998, 286 SCRA 367, 377.

[211] See Circular No.30-91, September 30, 1991.

[212] A.M. No. RTJ-06-1974, July 26, 2007, 528 SCRA 212.

[213] Id. at 222-223.

[214] Paragraph 1.4.10, Chapter IX, The 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court.

[215] Paragraph 1.4.9, Chapter IX, The 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court.

[216] Paragraph 1.4.14, Chapter IX, The 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court.

[217] CSC Memorandum Circular No. 19, series of 1999, was the applicable rule when Judge Yu filed the administrative complaint against Ms. Lagman.

[218] Section 42. Effects of the Pendency of an Administrative Case. - Pendency of an administrative case shall not disqualify respondent from promotion and other personnel actions or from claiming maternity/paternity benefits.

For this purpose, a pending administrative case shall be construed as such when the disciplining authority has issued a formal charge or a notice of charge/s to the respondent.

[219] Memoranda of Judge Eliza B. Yu Issued to Legal Researcher Mariejoy P. Lagman and to Court Stenographer Soledad J. Bassig, All of Metropolitan Trial Court, Branch 47, Pasay City, A.M. No. P-12-3033, August 15, 2012, 678 SCRA 386.

[220] Article 1.6.1 Grounds of Protest -

A qualified next-in-rank employee may file a protest against the appointment issued for the following reasons:

1.6.1.1 Non-compliance with the selection process;

1.6.1.2 Discrimination on account of gender, civil status, disability, pregnancy, religion, ethnicity or political affiliation;

1.6.1.3 Disqualification of the appointee to a career position for reason of lack of confidence of the recommending authority; and

1.6.1.4 Other violations of the provisions of the MSP-LC. [221] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1815), p. 8.

[222] Dialo, Jr. v. Macias, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1859, July 13, 2004, 434 SCRA 186, 194.

[223] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1831), p. 736.

[224] G.R. No. 115908-09, March 29, 1995, 243 SCRA 64.

[225] G.R. No. 79690-79707, October 7, 1988, 166 SCRA 316.

[226] 61 Phil. 724 (1935).

[227] Citing Section 53 of Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular No. 41, series of 1998.

[228] Citing Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular No. 14, series of 1999.

[229] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2398-MTJ), p. 21.

[230] Id. at 22.

[231] Id. at 23.

[232] A.M. No. 2004-41-SC, January 13, 2005, 448 SCRA 81.

[233] 2.1.2, In case of claim of ill health, heads of department of agencies are encouraged to verity the validity of such claim and, if not satisfied with the reason given, should disapprove the application for sick leave. x x x.

[234] Dialo, Jr. v. Macias, A.M. No. RTJ-04-1859, July 13, 2004, 434 SCRA 186, 194.

[235] Josefina M. Ongcuangco Trading Corporation v. Pinlac, A.M. No. RTJ-14-2402, April 15, 2015, 755 SCRA 478, 486-487; Fernandez v. Verzola, A.M. No. CA-04-40, August 13, 2004, 436 SCRA 369, 373.

[236] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 10.

[237] Rollo (OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ), pp. 57-58.

[238] A first level position includes clerical trades, crafts and custodial service positions which involve nonprofessional or sub-professional work in a non-supervisory or supervisory capacity requiring less than four years of collegiate studies. (Section 8, Chapter 2, Title I, Book V, Executive Order No. 292)

[239] The 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court (Vol. I), p. 618.

[240] Id. at 615.

[241] Brehm v. Republic, No. L-18566, September 30, 1963, 9 SCRA 172, 176.

[242] Sy v. Esponilla, A.M. No. P-06-2261, October 30, 2006, 506 SCRA 14, 20.

[243] Umali-Paco v. Quilala, A.M. No. RTJ-02-1699, October 15, 2003, 413 SCRA 364, 372.

[244] Concern[ed] Lawyers of Bulacan v. Villalon-Pornillos, A.M. No. RTJ-09-2183, July 7, 2009, 592 SCRA 36, 58.

[245] Rollo (A.M. No. 11-2399-MTJ), p. 146.

[246] Pinote v. Ayco, A.M. No. RTJ-05-1944, December 13, 2005, 477 SCRA 409, 412.

[247] Ricarze v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 160451, February 9, 2007, 515 SCRA 302, 314.

[248] G.R. No. 95370, March 10, 2991, 207 SCRA 144, 152.

[249] A.M. No. RTJ-05-1944, December 13, 2005, 477 SCRA 409.

[250] A.M. No. MTJ-99-1231, March 17, 2004, 425 SCRA 588.

[251] Id. at 599-600.

[252] Id.

[253] Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan (Special Division), G.R. Nos. 157294-95, November 30, 2006, 509 SCRA 190, 218.

[254] Anonymous Letter-Complaint Against Atty. Miguel Morales, Clerk of Court Metropolitan Trial Court of Manila, A.M. No. P-08-2519, November 19, 2008, 571 SCRA 361.

[255] People v. Cogaed, G.R. No. 200334, July 30, 2014, 731 SCRA 427, 454.

[256] Article 723, Civil Code.

[257] Rollo (A.M. No. 13-1821), Vol. I, pp. 356-357.

[258] Id. at 360.

[259] Id. at 450.

[260] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813), pp. 750-751.

[261] A.M. No. MTJ-08-1712, August 20, 2008, 562 SCRA 365.

[262] Id. at 370-371.

[263] Rollo (A.M. No. MTJ-12-1813), p. 754.

[264] Section 8, Rule 140, Rules of Court.

[265] Section 10, Rule 140, Rules of Court.

[266] Section 11, Rule 140, Rules of Court.

[267] Effective October 1, 2002.

[268] Anacta v. Resurreccion, A.C. No. 9074, August 14, 2012, 678 SCRA 352, citing Berbano v. Barcelona, A.C. No. 6084, September 3, 2003, 410 SCRA 258, 264.

[269] Samson v. Caballero, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2138, August 5, 2009, 595 SCRA 423, 432-433.

[270] Dagudag v. Paderanga, A.M. No. RTJ-06-2017, June 19, 2008, 555 SCRA 217, 237.

[271] Edaño v. Asdala, A.M. No. RTJ-06-1974, July 26, 2007, 528 SCRA 212, 226.

CONCURRING AND DISSENTING OPINION

BRION, J.:

I CONCUR with the ponencia's findings and conclusions. I find, as the ponencia finds, that Judge Eliza B. Yu (Judge Yu) is guilty of gross insubordination, gross ignorance of the law, gross misconduct, grave abuse of authority, oppression, and conduct unbecoming of a judicial official; and should therefore be dismissed from the service effective immediately, with forfeiture of all benefits and disqualification from reinstatement or appointment to any public office or employment, and disqualified from reinstatement or appointment to any public office or employment.

I DISAGREE, however, with the ponencia's conclusion that, notwithstanding the severity and grossness of the various administrative offenses committed by Judge Yu that warrants her disbarment, the Court cannot, in these proceedings, order her disbarment. It reasons that the Court must first allow her to defend her professional standing as a lawyer before it proceeds to mete out the ultimate sanction of disbarment.

I submit that the Court can properly disbar Judge Yu in these same proceedings. The proceedings the OCA and the Court undertook in the various administrative cases filed against Judge Yu, as borne by the records, sufficiently supports the conclusion that Judge Yu had been accorded more than ample opportunity to defend her' professional standing as a lawyer justifying her disbarment.

More than anything, her ignorance, arrogance, recalcitrant attitude, uncharacteristic insubordination, megalomania, and lack of humility demonstrate her incompetence and unfitness to discharge not only the office and duties of judge; more than anything, they reveal an utter incompetence and unfitness to continue discharging the trust and respect invested her as a member of the Bar.

SUPPORTING REASONS FOR MY DISSENT

I. The cases and proceedings against Judge Yu.

A. The administrative complaints.

Based on the records, the following are the administrative cases filed against Judge Yu:

Complainant

Docket Number and Date

Charges

Gito, Emily L. San Gaspar (MeTC, Br. 20 Judge)

AM No. MTJ-13-1821 (formerly OCA IPI No. 10-2308-MTJ)

(September 2, 2010)

Conduct unbecoming of a Judge.

- Stemmed from the July 12, 2010 Letter-Complaint of Judge Emily San Gaspar-Gito, Branch 20, MeTC, Manila concerning the former's Facebook and Yahoo messages with sexual undertones.[1]

Luchavez, Gabina Punzalan

OCA IPI No. 10-2335-MTJ

(December 21, 2010)

Conduct unbecoming of a Judge, gross ignorance of the law, and violation of RA No. 3019.[2]

Colasito, Bibiano G. (MeTC Judge), et al.

OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ

(June 2, 2011)

Gross insubordination, refusal to perform official duty, gross ignorance of the law/procedure, grave misconduct, violation of SC circulars, violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility, violation of the Oath, and oppressive conduct.

- In Re: refusal to comply with AO No. 19-2011 (Night Courts); her request for an audit of the Clerk of Court of Pasay City concerning the remittance of the fees in ex parte presentation of evidence; her order for the ex parte presentation of evidence before the OIC who is not a lawyer; her act of authorizing the prosecution of a criminal case without the presence of the public prosecutor; and her offensive remarks against Court Administrator Midas Marquez and the judiciary.

(The case stemmed from the Affidavit-Complaint signed by four (4) Pasay City MeTC judges[3] and seventy (70) court personnel[4] of Pasay City Courts).

Labid, Josefina G.

OCA IPI No. 11-2398-MTJ[5]

(August 8, 2011)

Oppression, gross ignorance of the law, and conduct unbecoming of a judge.

- In Re: refusal to approve Noel Labid's application for sick leave.

(Related with OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ)

Abad, Amor V. (Court Interpreter), et. al.

OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ[6]

(August 8, 2011)

Grave misconduct, oppression, gross ignorance of the law, and violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct.

- Directing three (3) non-court employees (allegedly OJTs) to correct the draft decisions in ex parte cases and other court orders and resolutions; ordering the complainant-court personnel of Branch 47, Pasay City, to advertise and offer for sale the books she wrote; humiliating her staff in open court; making unsavory remarks against CA Marquez; directing the ex parte presentation of evidence before the court's officer-in-charge who is not a member of the Bar; authorizing the arraignment of the accused without the presence of the public prosecutor; and in refusing to approve the sick leave application of Noel Labid, among others.[7]

(Related with OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ)

Lopez, Leilani A. Tejero (Court Personnel)

AM No. MTJ-12-1815 (formerly OCA IPI No. 11-2401-MTJ)

(August 8, 2011 and August 23, 2012 respectively)

Refusal to obey court order.

- Stemmed from the "Sworn Statement" dated June 16, 2011 of Leilani A. Tejero Lopez, Clerk III, Branch 47, Pasay City., claiming that Judge Yu questioned the selection process of the OCA-SPB concerning her appointment as Branch Clerk of Court.[8]

Chun Suy Tay c/o Charlie V. Tumaru

OCA IPI No. 11-2411-MTJ

(September 8, 2011)

Knowingly rendering unjust resolution and conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service.[9]

Colsaito, Bibiano, et al. (MeTC Pasay)

OCA IPI No. 12- 2456-MTJ

(January 13, 2012)

Grave abuse of authority and oppression.

- Stemmed from the December 1, 2011 Order of Judge Yu in Criminal Case No. M. PSY-09-08592-CR, entitled "People of the Philippines v. Ramil Fuentes, et al. " directing the complainants in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ to show cause why they should not be held liable for contempt for the alleged surreptitious taking of a copy of TSN dated March 22, 2011 in the said case.[10]

OCA

AM No. MTJ-12-1813 (formerly No. AM No. 12-5-42-MeTC)

(June 26, 2012)

RE: Incidents related to AO No. 19-2011 (the establishment of Night Courts) and the adverse actuations of Judge Eliza B. Yu anent the said Court issuance.

- Stemmed from the July 21, 2011 Letter of the judges of MeTC, Pasay City, requesting for the immediate suspension or detail to another station of Judge Yu pending investigation of all the administrative cases filed against the latter, namely: OCA IPI Nos. 11-2378-MTJ, 12-2456-MTJ, 2398-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, 10-2308-MTJ, and 12-1815B.[11]

OCA

AM No. 12-1-09-MeTC

RE: Letter dated 7-21-11 of Exec. Judge Bibiano G. Colastino and 3 other judges of MeTC Pasay City, for the suspension or detail to another station of Judge Eliza B. Yu, Branch 47 of the same court.

OCA

AM No. MTJ-13-1836 (formerly AM No. 11-11-115-MeTC)

Misconduct and insubordination.

- Stemmed from the May 2, 2011 Letter of Judge Yu to CA Marquez requesting for an investigation on the (1) alleged delayed appointment of the Branch Clerk of Court at MeTC, Branch 47, Pasay City, and (2) appointment of Ms. Mariejoy P. Lagman as Clerk III, RTC, Br. 108, Pasay City, despite the pending administrative case against the latter involving grave offenses.[12]

B. pleadings, letters, etc. filed before or sent to the OCA and/or Court and the Court's resolutions, orders, etc. in relation with these cases.

On the other, the following are the Motions, Memoranda, Manifestations, Letters, and other papers filed before and/or sent to the Court by Judge Yu vis-a-vis the Resolutions, Orders, and other Notices issued by the Court in relation with these proceedings.

Date

Court Issuances, etc.

Date

Pleadings, etc.

June 29, 2011

Comment in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ.[13]

September 1, 2011

Comment to AM No. MTJ-12-1815.[14]

September 2, 2011

Comment in OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ.[15]

January 26, 2012

Comment to OCA IPI No. 11-2398-MTJ, and adopts her Comment in OCA IPI Nos. 11-2378-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, 11-2401-MTJ, and 11-3728.

February 1, 2012

Resolution (of the Court's First Division) in AM No. 12-1-09-MeTC placing Judge Yu under preventive suspension.

February 1, 2012

Motion to Declare Null and Void the February 1, 2012 Resolution.

February 6, 2012

Resolution[16] noting February 2, 2012 MR.

February 2, 2012

MR to the Court's February 1, 2012 Resolution placing Judge Yu under preventive suspension.

February 3, 2012

Comment to OCA IPI No. 12-2456-MTJ.[17]

March 1, 2012

Omnibus Motion to Lift Preventive Suspension, Motion for Clarification of Resolution dated February 1, 2012, Motion to Obtain Copy of Memorandum dated January 25, 2012 of the OCA, and Motion for Early Resolution of the Administrative Cases to the SC First Division.

June 26, 2012

Resolution:[18]

(1) Treated the Memorandum dated April 25, 2012 of the OCA as an Administrative Complaint against Judge Yu to be docketed as AM No. MTJ-12-1813; and (2) Required Judge Yu to Comment on the OCA's April 25, 2012 Memorandum.

Resolution[19] noting June 29, 2012 Comment.

July 16, 2012

Comment[20] to the Court's June 26, 2012 Resolution.

AM No. 11-11-115-MTC and AM No. MTJ-12-1813 (formerly AM No. 12-5-42- MeTC)

February 28, 2012

March 14, 2012

Motion to Re-Raffle

March 22, 2012

Supplemental to Omnibus Motion

May 7, 2012

Motion to Reinstate with Manifestations

May 28, 2012

Supplemental to Motion to Reinstate with Manifestations

June 15, 2012

Letter to the OCA "Re OCA IPI No. 10-2308- MTJ"

June 18, 2012

Manifestation

June 25, 2012

Second Manifestation

June 29, 2012

Comment[21] in relation with the establishment of Night Courts in AM No. 12-1-09-MTC.

July 31, 2012

Resolution:[22] noted July 23, 2012 Manifestation.

July 23, 2012

Manifestation[23] expounding certain legal concepts in her July 16, 2012 Comment to Support her dismissal plea - of the charges of Insubordination, Gross Misconduct, and Violation of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.

November 13, 2012

Resolution:[24] noted October 29, 2012 Letter and granted her Request for change of mailing address.

March 12, 2013

Resolution:[25] noted March 6, 2013 Manifestation, stating that February 28, 2013 Certificate of Appreciation for her 2-day lecture on Barangay Justice in Catbalogan City will refute the false and malicious complaint dated May 12, 2011 filed against her by Executive Judge Bibiano Colastino, et al.

March 19, 2013

Resolution[26] noted March 7, 2013 Manifestation.

March 7, 2013

Manifestation[27] (that DCA Bahia should have inhibited herself from signing the April 25, 2012 Memorandum in re AM No. MTJ-12-1813).

March 31, 2013

Letter[28] to Court Administrator Marquez (Re: March 14, 2013 Letter on Compliance with the Directive to Submit Additional Copies of Complaint)

June 4, 2013

Resolution:[29] noted May 2, 2013 Manifestation; and consolidated AM No. MTJ-12-1813 and AM No. 12-1-09-MeTC. )

May 2, 2013

Manifestation[30] (in relation with her April 8, 2013 Letter to the OCA in re: AM No. MTJ-12-1813)

June 18, 2013

Resolution:[31] noted April 8, 2013 Letter in AM No. 12-1813-MTJ.

August 6, 2013

(In AM Nos. MTJ-12-1813 and 12-1-09-MeTC)

Resolution:[32] directed the resending to Judge Yu of the Court's March 12, 2013 Resolution, which was returned unserved, at her permanent address, per 201 File.

August 27, 2013

(In AM No. MTJ-12-1813 and AM No. 12-1-09-MeTC)

Resolution:[33] noted Judge July 21, 2013 Letter and Motion, and the August 14, 2013 Letter of Atty. Oliveros referring July 21, 2013 Letter requesting for the Constitution of a Fact-Finding Committee to determine the administrative liability of CA Marquez; and consolidated AM Nos. 11-11-115-MeTC, MTJ-12-1815; OCA IPI Nos. 11-2398-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ with AM Nos. 12-1813 and 12-1-09-MeTC.

July 21, 2013

Letter[34] and Motion to Declare Null and Void[35] the February 21, 2012 Resolution of the Court's First Division

September 3, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution: noted the August 8, 2013 Memorandum of CA Marquez in compliance with the Court's February 3, 2013 Resolution in AM No. 12-1-09-MeTC.

September 7, 2013

Manifestation[36] Re the Consolidation of Administrative Cases: AM Nos. MTJ-12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; OCA IPI Nos. 11-2398-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ in the Court En Banc's August 27, 2013 Resolution.

September 18, 2013

Letter[37] to CJ thru Atty. Oliveros (Re: Fact-Finding Committee on Administrative Liability of the OCA).

October 8, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456- MTJ)

Resolution:[38] noted September 27, 2013 Manifestation relative to the Court's August 27, 2013 Resolution.

September 27, 2013

Manifestation[39] (Re: Consolidation of Administrative Cases).

October 8, 2013

Letter[40] to Atty. Geronga (Chief, SC Legal Office) Re: Motion to Strike Out dated October 7, 2013 - in relation with the testimonies of Amor Abad, et al.

October 22, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815;and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[41] noted October 9, 2013 Manifestation.

October 9, 2013

Manifestation[42] Re the Consolidation of Administrative Cases (Acknowledging receipt of the Court's August 6, 2013 Resolution).

November 12, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[43] directed the resending to Judge Yu at her permanent address per her 201 filed of the Court's June 4, 2013 and August 27, 2013 Resolutions which were and returned unserved.

November 19, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115- MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[44] directing the resending to Judge Yu at her permanent address per her 201 File of the Court's August 6, 2013 Resolution which was returned unserved; and denied November 7, 2013 Motion to Inhibit.

November 7, 2013

Motion to inhibit CA Marquez[45]

December 3, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[46] ordered the resending to Judge Yu of the Court's June 18, 2013 Resolution, which was returned unserved, at her permanent address per her 201 File.

December 10, 2013

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456- MTJ)

Resolution:[47] noted the December 9, 2013 Letter of Atty. Oliveros referring September 18, 2013 Letter and her Letter regarding AM No. 11-11-115-MTJ.

January 28, 2014

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115- MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456- MTJ)

Resolution:[48] ordered the resending to Judge Yu of the Court's September 3, 2013 and October 8, 2013 Resolutions, which were returned unserved, including all court processes intended for her.

February 1, 2014

Letter[49] (in support of the Complaint of Clerk III Ferdinand A. Santos against Court Administrator Marquez).

March 18, 2014

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[50] noted February 7, 2014 Manifestation; denied her MR; noted and denied her March 7, 2014 Supplement to the MR.

February 7, 2014

Manifestation[51] Confirmation of January 14, 2014 Manifestation).

February 8, 2014

Letter[52] to CJ Sereno thru Atty. Oliveros (in support of the Complaint of Clerk III Ferdinand A. Santos against Court Administrator Marquez).

February 24, 2014

MR[53] to the November 19, 2013 Resolution denying her Motion to Inhibit (against CA Marquez).

March 28, 2014

Letter[54] to CJ Sereno thru Atty. Oliveros (Re: Supplemental Complaint Against the OCA).

March 28, 2014

Letter[55] to Atty. Geronga (Re: Delayed Resolution of Administrative Case).

March 31, 2014

Letter[56] to CJ Sereno thru Atty. Oliveros (Re: Supplemental Administrative Complaint against the OCA in relation with her September 18, 2013 Letter on Re; fact-Finding Committee of Administrative Liability of OCA).

April 2, 2014

Letter[57] to CJ Sereno thru Atty. Oliveros (Re: Substantiation of Supplemental Administrative Complaint against the OCA).

July 9, 2014

Motion to Dismiss Administrative Complaints.[58]

July 21, 2014

Letter[59] to Atty. Geronga (Re: Submitting Amended Joint Motion to Dismiss dated July 9, 2014).

August 12, 2014

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115- MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[60] noted July 21, 2014 Letter submitting her Amended Joint Motion to Dismiss in OCA IPI Nos. 11-2378-MTJ, 11-2398-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ, and AM Nos. MTJ-12-1815 and 12-1-09-MeTC; and the March 31, 2014 Supplemental Administrative Complaints of CA Marquez in relation with September 18, 2013 Letter concerning the alleged administrative liability of CA Marquez.

August 21, 2014

Resolution:[61] noted Letters.

September 1, 2014

Resolution:[62] noted July 9, 2014 Joint Motion to Dismiss and July 9, 2014 Motion to Dismiss; denied her Partial MR and her June 18, 2014 Letter; and noted without action her July 17, 2014 Letter.

May 27, 2015

Letter questioning her preventive suspension; and seeking the early resolution of the administrative cases against her.[63]

September 1, 2015

(In AM Nos. 12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 1123-99-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ)

Resolution:[64] noted without action: (1) July 9, 2014 Joint Motion to Dismiss in AM Nos. 12-1-09-MeTC and MTJ-12-1815; and OCA IPI Nos. 11-2399-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ); (2) July 9, 2014 Motion to Dismiss in AM No. MTJ-12-1813; and (3) July 9, 2013 Motion to Dismiss in AM No. MTJ-18-1821; denied for lack of merit the Partial Motion for Reconsideration of the Denial of the Motion for Severance of Consolidated Administrative Cases by the Honorable Supreme Court En Banc dated July 14, 2014; denied for lack of basis June 18, 2014 Letter praying that Atty. Gito be impleaded as co- respondent of Judge San Gaspar-Gito in AM No. 13-1821; and noted without action July 17, 2014 Letter stating that she wants to correct an error on page 7 of her September 2, 2011 Comment in OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ.

II. The OCA's findings as affirmed by the Court.

A. The OCA's findings and recommendation.

Through a Memorandum[65] dated February 11, 2016, the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA), through Deputy Court Administrator Jenny Lind R. Aldecoa-Delorino, recommended the following:

RECOMMENDATION: It is respectfully recommended for the consideration of the Honorable Court that respondent Judge Eliza B. Yu, Branch 47, Metropolitan Trial Court, Pasay City be found GUILTY of INSURBORDINATION, GROSS IGNORANCE OF THE LAW, REFUSAL TO PERFORM OFFICIAL FUNCTIONS, GROSS MISCONDUCT AMOUNTING TO VIOLATION OF THE CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT, GRAVE ABUSE OF AUTHROITY, OPPRESSION, and CONDUCT UNBECOMING OF A JUDGE, and be DISMISSED FROM THE SERVICE with forfeiture of all benefits, except accrued leave credits, and disqualification from reinstatement or appointment to any public office including government-owned or controlled corporations. The OCA found Judge Yu Guilty of: (1) insubordination for her refusaJ to comply with AO No. 19-2011 and to honor the appointments of Ms. Lagman and Ms. Tejero-Lopez; (2) gross misconduct and violation of Section 6, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct for her letter to the Department of Tourism Secretary Lim; (3) oppression for her conduct in relation with Noel Labid's request for sick leave; (4) gross ignorance of the law for her act of allowing the criminal proceedings in her court to continue without the presence of the public prosecutor and for ordering the reception of evidence by the OIC who was not a member of the Bar; and (5) grave abuse of authority for issuing a show cause order against Judge Colasito, et al.

The OCA likewise agreed with the findings and recommendation of Judge Abdulwahid but clarified that her use of the court's official letterhead in summoning the brother of Judge San Gaspar-Gito demonstrated abuse of power and a violation of Section 8, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.

The OCA, however, recommended the dismissal of the charges of gross ignorance of the law for allowing OJTs and in directing the court staff to sell her books, including the alleged malicious utterances against Court Administrator Marquez; and upheld requiring the plaintiffs with pending replevin cases to pay legal fees for transcripts pursuant to her prerogative to ensure that the court funds are properly accounted for.

B. The ponencia's ruling.

The ponencia agreed with the recommendations and findings of the OCA.

In re Judge Yu's non-compliance with AO. No. 19-2011. The ponencia rules that the manner by which Judge Yu chose to express her dissent against AO No. 19-2011 has transgressed the bounds of judicial ethics. The ponencia reminds that Judge Yuhas sworn to obey the orders and processes of the Court without delay. Her unjustified refusal to comply with the directives/orders of the OCA and the Court made her liable for gross insubordination and gross misconduct. More importantly, the ponencia emphasizes, refusal to submit to night duty openly defied the Court's authority, to issue AO No. 19-2011, that the Constitution grants it under Article VIII, Section 5(5) of the Constitution.

In re Judge Yu's refusal to honor the appointments of court personnel. The ponencia agrees that persistent refusal to honor the appointments amounted to a brazen challenge against the Court's power and discretion to appoint court employees. It emphasizes that these appointments are in the form of an order or directive from the Court which Judge Yu had no right to reject For these acts, Judge Yu is liable for gross insubordination and gross misconduct.

In re Judge Yu's issuing of a show cause order against judges and court personnel. The ponencia likewise agrees with the OCA that the show cause order Judge Yu issued in OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ demonstrated her clear abuse of court processes and flagrant abuse of authority, as well as her motivation to retaliate against her accusers, thereby violating Section 8, Canon 4 of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.

In re Judge Yu's refusal to sign the application for leave of absence and other allegations of oppression. Equally, the ponencia agrees that inordinate refusal to approve Noel Labid's leave of absence application, notwithstanding the latter's compliance with the requirements for sick leave application per the 2002 Revised Manual for Clerks of Court, reveals a motive to retaliate against Noel Labid for his joining the administrative complaint against her; these acts amount to grave abuse of authority and oppression.

The ponencia also dismisses the other allegations of oppression for lack of substantiation.

In re the charges of gross ignorance of the law. The ponencia however disagrees with the OCA's findings and rules that Judge Yu: (1) deliberately ignored OCA Circular No. 111-2005 in prohibiting on-the-job trainees when she issued the November 10, 2010 Memorandum naming the student, Ms. Rosali, as encoder and assigning her to court duties similar to a court employee; (2) violated CSC Memorandum Circular No. 06-05 when she designated Mr. Santos, as first level personnel, as OIC which is reserved to personnel belonging to the second level.

In re allowing criminal proceedings without the presence of the public prosecutor. The ponencia rules that Judge Yu should not only be cited for her failure to abide by Section 5, Rule 110 of the Rules of Court when she allowed the proceedings in People v. Manduriao to proceed without the actual presence of the public prosecutor. The ponencia points out that she should likewise be cited for her failure to comply with Section 6, Rule 116 of the same Rules when she allowed the change of plea by the accused in the same case without the assistance of counsel. To the ponencia, as a judge, she should know the fundamental substantive and procedural requirements on arraignment and right to counsel found in the Constitution and the Rules of Court (Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure).

In re her sending inappropriate messages. Finally, the ponencia agrees with Judge Abdulwahid's conclusions that Facebook and Yahoo messages to Judge San Gaspar-Gito contained sexual innuendos that are improper for a magistrate to write and send to another who find them vexatious and annoying, conduct that is improper and unbecoming of a member of the judiciary.

In line with this conclusion, the ponencia likewise agrees with the OCA's findings and rules that use of the court's official letterhead in summoning Atty. Reynaldo San Gaspar, Judge San Gaspar-Gito's brother, constitutes abuse of power and violates Section 8, Canon 4, as well as Section 4 of Canon 1 and Section 1 of Canon 4, all of the New Code of Judicial Conduct.

III. My reasons for the vote to disbar Judge Yu.

The ponencia refuses to disbar Judge Yu reasoning that "this rule of fusing the dismissal of a judge with disbarment does not in any way dispense with or set aside [Judge Yu's] right to due process. As such, his [sic] disbarment as an offthoot of A.M No. 02-9-02-SC without requiring him [sic] to comment on the disbarment is violative of her right to due process. Thus, she should first be afforded the opportunity of defending her professional standing as a lawyer before she would be disbarred."

Notably, the ponencia recognizes that the administrative charges against Judge Yu in fact likewise constitutes as grounds for disciplinary actions against members of the Bar which the Court can very well treat as justifiable disciplinary initiatives to remove her from the Roll. It points out that membership in the Bar is an integral aspect of her qualification for judgeship. To the ponencia, "her moral and actual fitness to remain as a judge reflected her indelible unfitness to remain as a member of the Bar" who therefore must no longer "remain as its member because she thereby also violated her Layer's Oath."

I respect my colleague's position that gives significance to right to due process. To be sure, everyone charged before any court or tribunal is entitled to due process or at the very least an opportunity to relay one's side and defend himself or herself. No less than our Constitution guarantees this right as it provides that "no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of the law x x x." Judges charged with administrative complaints are no exceptions to this due process requirement.

I disagree, however, with the ponencia's refusal to disbar Judge Yu in these proceedings as I do not find that she had not been given ample opportunity to explain and defend her professional standing as a lawyer. Contrary to the ponencia's observation, the records fully support the conclusion that Judge Yu has had more than the requisite minimum opportunity to explain herself against the disbarment charges that justifies her removal from the Roll of Attorneys.

A. Nature of disbarment.

Under A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC (which took effect on October 1, 2002), an administrative case against a judge of a regular court based on grounds which are also grounds for disciplinary action against members of the Bar, shall be considered as disciplinary proceedings against such judge as a member of the Bar. Likewise, it provides that judgment in both respects may be incorporated in one decision or resolution. A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC specifically states:

Some administrative cases against justices of the Court of Appeals and the Sandiganbayan; Judges of regular and special courts; and court officials who are lawyers are based on grounds which are likewise grounds for the disciplinary action of members of the Bar for violation of the Lawyer's Oath, the Code of Professional Responsibility; and the Canons of Professional Ethics, or for such other forms of breaches of conduct that have been traditionally recognized as grounds for the discipline of lawyers.

In any of the foregoing instances, the administrative case shall also be considered a disciplinary action against the respondent justice, judge or court official concerned as a member of the Bar. The respondent may forthwith be required to comment on the complaint and show cause why he should not also be suspended, disbarred or otherwise disciplinary sanctioned as a member of the Bar. Judgment in both respects may be incorporated in one decision or resolution. [emphases and underscoring supplied] The Rules of Court, on the other hand, provides, under Section 27 of Rule 138, that a lawyer may be removed or suspended from the practice of law, among others, for gross misconduct, for any violation of the Lawyer's Oath, and for willful disobedience to the Court's orders, circulars, and other Issuances:

Sec. 27. Attorneys removed or suspended by Supreme Court on what grounds. - A member of the bar may be removed or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice, or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of his conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take before the admission to practice, or for a willful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court, or for corruptly or willfully appearing as an attorney for a party to a case without authority so to do. The practice of soliciting cases at law for the purpose of gain, either personally or through paid agents or brokers, constitutes malpractice. [emphases and underscoring supplied] It should be pointed out that the Lawyer's Oath is a source of a lawyer's obligations and its violation is a ground for disbarment or other disciplinary action. In addition to this, the Code of Professional Responsibility forbids a lawyer to engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral, or deceitful conduct as provided under its Rule 1.01. Thus, every lawyer must pursue only the highest standards in the practice of his calling. This is because the practice of law is a privilege, and only those adjudged qualified are permitted to do so.[66]

It must be stressed, however, that the purpose of disbarment is not meant as a punishment depriving a lawyer of a source of livelihood; rather, it is intended to protect the administration of justice that those who exercise this function should be competent, honorable, and reliable in order that the courts and clients may rightly repose confidence in them.[67]

In Office of the Court Administrator v. Judge Indar,[68] the Court automatically disbarred the respondent judge pursuant to the provisions of A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC, adopting the reasoning held in Samson v. Caballero that:

Under the same rule, a respondent "may forthwith be required to comment on the complaint and show cause why he should not also be suspended, disbarred or otherwise disciplinarily sanctioned as member of the Bar." The rule does not make it mandatory, before respondent may be held liable as a member of the bar, that respondent be required to comment on and show cause why he should not be disciplinarily sanctioned as a lawyer separately from the order for him to comment on why he should not be held administratively liable as a member of the bench. In other words, an order to comment on the complaint is an order to give an explanation on why he should not be held administratively liable not only as a member of the bench but also as a member of the bar. This is the fair and reasonable meaning of "automatic conversion" of administrative cases against justices and judges to disciplinary proceedings against them as lawyers. This will also serve the purpose of A.M. No. 02-9-02-SC to avoid the duplication or unnecessary replication of actions by treating an administrative complaint filed against a member of the bench also as a disciplinary proceeding against him as a lawyer by mere operation of the rule. Thus, a disciplinary proceeding as a member of the bar is impliedly instituted with the filing of an administrative case against a justice of the Sandiganbayan, Court of Appeals and Court of Tax Appeals or a judge of a first- or second-level court.

It cannot be denied that respondent's dishonesty did not only affect the image of the judiciary, it also put his moral character in serious doubt and rendered him unfit to continue in the practice of law. Possession of good moral character is not only a prerequisite to admission to the bar but also a continuing requirement to the practice of law. If the practice of law is to remain an honorable profession and attain its basic ideals, those counted within its ranks should not only master its tenets and principles but should also accord continuing fidelity to them. The requirement of good moral character is of much greater import, as far as the general public is concerned, than the possession of legal learning. [emphasis in the original] The Court similarly ruled in the fairly recent case of Office of the Court Administrator v. Presiding Judge Joseph Cedrick O. Ruiz[69] where it dismissed from the service and at same time disbarred the erring respondent judge, Joseph Cedrick O. Ruiz.

B. Due process requirements in administrative proceedings for disbarment.

Jurisprudence settles that technical rules of procedure and evidence are not strictly applied to administrative proceedings. In administrative proceedings, it is enough that the party is given the chance to be heard before the case against him is decided. In the application of the principle of due process in administrative proceedings, what is sought to be safeguarded is not lack of previous notice but the denial of the opportunity to be heard.[70]

In Office of the Court Administrator v. Judge Indar,[71] the Court explained the underlying principle for the relaxation of the due process requirements in administrative proceedings. Citing Cornejo, the Court pointed out that "a public office is not property within the sense of the constitutional guaranties of due process of law, but is a public trust or agency." Thus, the strict application of technical rules of procedure required in judicial proceedings are not required with equal force in administrative proceed.[72]

In the leading case of Ang Tibay v. CIR,[73] the Court laid down the following due process requirements that must be complied with in administrative proceedings: (1) the respondents' right to a hearing, which includes the right to present one's case and submit supporting evidence, must be observed; (2) the tribunal must consider the evidence presented; (3) the decision must have some basis to support itself; (4) there must be substantial evidence; (5) the decision must be rendered on the evidence presented at the hearing, or at least contained in the record and disclosed to the parties affected; (6) in arriving at a decision, the tribunal must have acted on its own consideration of the law and the facts of the controversy and must not have simply accepted the views of a subordinate; and (7) the decision must be rendered in such manner that respondents would know the reasons for it and the various issues involved.

C. Judge Yu had been afforded more than sufficient opportunity to defend her side in the numerous administrative complaints against her that included a charge for disbarment, and violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility and of the Lawyer's Oath.

Based on the above considerations, I submit that the due process requirements in administrative proceedings had been sufficiently complied as the Court finds Judge Yu guilty of gross insubordination, gross ignorance of the law, gross misconduct, grave abuse of authority, oppression, and conduct unbecoming of a judicial official.

In the following cases, Judge Yu was charged with grounds that likewise constitute as grounds for disbarment: (1) OCA IPI No. 11-2378- MTJ[74] for gross insubordination, grave misconduct, violation of SC circulars, violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility, and violation of the Oath, among others; (2) OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ[75] for grave misconduct, among others; (3) AM No. MTJ-12-1815 (formerly OCA IPI No. 11-2401-MTJ) for refusal to obey court order; (4) AM No. MTJ-12-1813 (formerly AM No. 12-5-42-MeTC) concerning her refusal to abide by AO No. 19-2011; and (5) AM No. MTJ-13-1836 for misconduct and insubordination.

In all of these cases, Judge Yu had been able to defend herself via Comment, Manifestations, Motions, Letters, and other papers she filed with or sent to the Court, namely:

In OCA IPI No. 11-2378-MTJ:[76]

- Comment dated June 29, 2011.

In AM No. MTJ-12-1815:

- Comment dated September 1, 2011.

In OCA IPI No. 11-2399-MTJ:[77]

- Comment dated September 2, 2011.

In AM No. MTJ-12-1813:

- July 16, 2012 Comment to the Court's June 26, 2012 Resolution treating the April 25, 2012 OCA Memorandum as Administrative Complaint against her to be docketed as AM No. MTJ-12-1813;

- February 28, 2012 Omnibus Motion to Lift Preventive Suspension, Motion for Clarification of Resolution dated February 1, 2012, Motion to Obtain Copy of Memorandum dated January 25, 2012 of the OCA, and Motion for Early Resolution of the Administrative Cases;

- March 14, 2012 Motion to Re-Raffle;

- March 22, 2012 Supplemental to Omnibus Motion;

- May 7, 2012 Motion to Reinstate with Manifestations;

- May 28, 2012 Supplemental to Motion to Reinstate with Manifestations;

- June 15, 2012 Letter to the OCA "Re OCA IPI No. 10-2308-MTJ"

- June 18, 2012 Manifestation;

- June 25, 2012 Second Manifestation;

- June 29, 2012 Comment[78] in relation with the establishment of Night Courts in AM No. 12-1-09-MTC;

- July 23, 2012 Manifestation[79] expounding certain legal concepts in her July 16, 2012 Comment to Support her dismissal plea - of the charges of Insubordination, Gross Misconduct, and Violation of the New Code of Judicial Conduct;

- March 7, 2013 Manifestation[80] (that DCA Bahia should have inhibited herself from signing the April 25, 2012 Memorandum in re AM No. MTJ-12-1813);

- May 2, 2013 Manifestation[81] (in relation with her April 8, 2013 Letter to the OCA in re: AM No. MTJ-12-1813).

Judge Yu likewise filed the following: (1) September 7, 2013 Manifestation[82] Re the Consolidation of Administrative Cases: AM Nos. MTJ-12-1813, 12-1-09-MeTC, 11-11-115-MeTC, and MTJ-12-1815; OCA IPI Nos. 11-2398-MTJ, 11-2399-MTJ, 11-2378-MTJ, and 12-2456-MTJ in the Court En Banc's August 27, 2013 Resolution; (2) September 27, 2013 Manifestation[83] (Re: Consolidation of Administrative Cases); (3) October 9, 2013 Manifestation[84] Re the Consolidation of Administrative Cases (Acknowledging receipt of the Court's August 6, 2013 Resolution); (4) May 27, 2015 Letter questioning her preventive suspension; and seeking the early resolution of the administrative cases against her;[85] and the several pleadings she filed praying that CA Marquez inhibit in the administrative proceedings against her.

The Court duly noted these filings and submissions thru the Resolutions and notices that the Court sent and re-sent to her permanent address written on her 201 File, as well as to the address she stated in her October 29, 2012 Letter[86] request for change of her mailing address. (I enumerated these numerous Court Resolutions under Part I-B of this Opinion).

All of these - the filings and submissions of Judge Yu and the Resolutions and other processes of the Court that were sent re-sent to Judge Yu confirm the conclusion that Judge Yu had been sufficiently apprised of the charges against her, some of which could likewise potentially cause her disbarment; that she had been given ample opportunity to rebut these charges and present controverting evidence; and that she had used the granted opportunities through the various pleadings and Letters she filed with and sent to the Court.

In other words, Judge Yu had been accorded every opportunity to defend her professional standing as a lawyer sufficient to warrant the ultimate sanction of disbarment.

A final word. Judge Yu is a disgrace to both the bench and the bar. As I pointed out above, her ignorance, arrogance, recalcitrant attitude, uncharacteristic insubordination, megalomania, and lack of humility demonstrate her incompetence and unfitness to discharge not only the office and duties of judge; more than anything, they reveal an utter incompetence and unfitness to continue discharging the trust and respect invested her as a member of the Bar. Thus, I submit that - aside from being dismissed from the service and as a consequence of the findings of this Court which no other tribunal in the land can reverse - she should likewise be disbarred and her name stricken out from the roll of attorneys.

In sum, I CONCUR with the ponencia's ruling finding Judge Eliza B. Yu guilty of the administrative charges hailed against her and dismissing her from the service, subject to the above reservations.

I VOTE that Judge Eliza B. Yu should likewise be disbarred and her name be stricken off from the roll of attorneys.

[1] Rollo, pp. 741-749.

[2] Id. at 144.

[3] These are: Judge Catherine P. Manodon (now Presiding Judge of Branch 104, RTC, Quezon City), Judge Bonifacio S. Pascua (now Presiding Judge of Branch 56, RTC, Makati City; Judge Bibiano G. Colastino (now Presiding Judge of Branch 50, RTC, Manila; and Judge Restituto V. Mangalindan, Branch 46, MeTC, Pasay City. Id. at 712.

[4] Id. at 712-715.

[5] Filed by Ms. Josefina G. Labid, mother of Noel Labid, Utility Worker 1, Branch 47, MeTC, Pasay City. Id. at 726-727.

[6] Filed by the staff of Branch 47, MeTC, Pasay City, who were also complainant in OCA IPI No. 11-2378, namely: Amor V. Abad (Court Interpreter), Froilan I. Tomas (Court Stenographer), Roman H. Aviles (Court Stenographer), Norman D.S. Garcia (Deputy Sheriff IV), Maximo Sayo (Process Server), Emelina J. San Miguel (Records Officer), and Dennis Echegoyen (Deputy Sheriff). Id. at 720.

[7] Id. at 720-724.

[8] Id. at 738.

[9] Id. at 144.

[10] Id. at 734.

[11] Id. at 751.

[12] Id. at 736.

[13] Id. at 718-720.

[14] Id. at 738-739.

[15] Id. at 724-726.

[16] Id.

[17] Id. at 734-735.

[18] Id. at 41-42.

[19] Id. at 97.

[20] Id. at 43-73.

[21] Id. at 41-50.

[22] Id. at 134.

[23] Id. at 98-113.

[24] Id. at 147.

[25] Id. at 204.

[26] Id. at 152.

[27] Id. at 151.

[28] Id. at 404.

[29] Id. at 157.

[30] Id. at 153-156.

[31] Id. at 214.

[32] Id. at 175.

[33] Id. at 183-184.

[34] Id. at 177.

[35] Id. at 178-182.

[36] Id. at 185-188.

[37] Id. at 207-210.

[38] Id. at 189-190.

[39] Id. at 185-188.1

[40] Id. at 193-195.

[41] Id. at 196-197.

[42] Id. at 191-192.

[43] Id. at 201-202.

[44] Id. at212-213.

[45] Id. at 205-206.

[46] Id. at 217-218.

[47] Id. at 225-226.

[48] Id. at. 229-230.

[49] Id. at 449-454.

[50] Id. at 400-402.

[51] Id. at 383-391.

[52] Id. at 437-444.

[53] Id. at 393-399.

[54] Id. at 513-528.

[55] Id. at 533-535.

[56] Id. at 361-376.

[57] Id. at 277-278.

[58] Id. at 537-630.

[59] Id. at 536.

[60] Id. at 639-641.

[61] Id. at 639-641.

[62] Id. at 681-684.

[63] Id. at 752.

[64] Id. at 681-684.

[65] Id. at 701-755.

[66] See Cojuanco, Jr. v. Atty. Palma, 481 Phil. 646 (2004), citing In Re: Gutierrez, Adm. Case No. L-363, July 31, 1962, 5 SCRA 661; Pantanosas, Jr. v. Atty. Elly L. Pamatong, AC No. 7330, Jun 14, 2016; and Spouses Garcia v. Atty. Bala, 512 Phil. 486 (2005).

[67] See Rosa Yap-Paras v. Atty. Justo Paras, AC No. 4947, 551 Phil. 338 (2007); and Avancena v. Judge Ricardo P. Liwanag, 454 Phil. 20 (2003).

[68] 685 Phil. 272, 292-293 (2012), citing Samson v. Caballero, A.M. No. RTJ-08-2138, August 5, 2009, 595 SCRA 423, 435-436.

[69] A.M. No. RTJ-13-2361, February 2, 2016, sc.judiciary.gov.ph.

[70] See Office of the Court Administrator v. Judge Indar, 685 Phil. 272, 292-293 (2012) [citations omitted].

[71] 685 Phil. 272 (2012).

[72] See Office of the Court Administrator v. Judge Indar, 685 Phil. 272, 292-293 (2012), citing Cornejo, 41 Phil. 188, 194 (1920).

[73] 69 Phil. 635, 644 (1940).

[74] Rollo, pp. 712-715.

[75] Filed by the staff of Branch 47, MeTC, Pasay City, who were also complainant in OCA IPI No. 11-2378, namely: Amor V. Abad (Court Interpreter), Froilan I. Tomas (Court Stenographer), Roman H. Aviles (Court Stenographer), Norman D.S. Garcia (Deputy Sheriff IV), Maximo Sayo (Process Server), Emelina J. San Miguel (Records Officer), and Dennis Echegoyen (Deputy Sheriff). Id. at 720.

[76] Id. at 718-720.

[77] Filed by the staff of Branch 47, MeTC, Pasay City, who were also complainant in OCA IPI No. 11-2378, namely: Amor V. Abad (Court Interpreter), Froilan I. Tomas (Court Stenographer), Roman H. Aviles (Court Stenographer), Nom1an D.S. Garcia (Deputy Sheriff IV), Maximo Sayo (Process Server), Emelina J. San Miguel (Records Officer), and Dennis Echegoyen (Deputy Sheriff). Id. at 720.

[78] Id. at 41-50.

[79] Id. at 98-113.

[80] Id. at 151.

[81] Id. at 153-156.

[82] Id. at 185-188.

[83] Id. at 185-188.1

[84] Id. at 191-192.

[85] Id. at 752.

[86] See the Court's November 13, 2012 Resolution.

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