CTA Case No. 5110 (Decision)

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES COURT OF TAX APPEALS QUEZON CITY FORTE REALTY CORPORATION, C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 Petitioner , rfi- Promulgated: - versus - JAN 14 1998 COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent. x- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X DECISION In the case at bar, the issue which is presented for our consideration is whether or not petitioner is I i ab I e to a deficiency income tax for 1987 in the amount of P695 , 993.61, inclusive of surcharge and interest. Petitioner is a domestic corporation and is engaged in the business of rendering services in the market of real estate. As such, petitioner receives commission income and pays commission expenses to its sub-agent. On Apr i I 13, 1991, respondent issued a deficiency income tax assessment against petitioner for the year 1987 in the total amount of P695,993.61, broken down as follows: Net Income disclosed p 92,827.00 by the return as audited 266,309.81 Add: Discrepancies (Una I Iowab Ie Deductions & Add' I. Income) 14,880.02 Commissions payable prior 690,109.84 period adjustment account P1 ,064,126.60* p 372,444.31 Additional taxable income rep. prior period adjustment 32,490.00 Adjusted commission income p 339,954. ~ Net Income per investigation Income tax due thereon Less: Amount already assessed/paid Deficiency Income Tax

DECISION - 84,988.58 C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 255,050.72 - 2- 16,000.00 Add: 25% Surcharge p 695,993.61 Interest Compromise TOTAL AMOUNT DUE * should be P1,064,126.67 Thru a letter, dated November 27, 1991, received by the respondent on same date, petitioner formally protested the aforesaid tax assessment. On Apr i I 20, 1994, petitioner received the decision of respondent, dated February 17, 1994, denying petitioner's protest with finality. Hence, the instant petition. As earlier adverted to, the issue to be resolved by the Court is whether or not petitioner is I iable to a deficiency income tax for 1987 in the amount of P695,993.61, inclusive of surcharge, interest and compromise penalty. Petitioner presents as principal reason for the petition for review that the assessment for deficiency income tax for 1987 was arbitrary since it did not receive any commission income in the amount of P690,109.84 during the year 1987. It is petitioner's theory that respondent based the assessed amount on the commissions it paid to its sub-agents, by applying the method of matching income and expenses. Petitioner further added that, granting arguendo, the method of matching expenses and income can be uti I ized in the

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 3- instant case , the amount of P690,109.84 representing commission income would be inaccurate as respondent app I i ed a uniform rate of 9% in the computation of its commission income and 2.75% in the computation of its commission expenses when in fact said rates vary from 7% to 9% and 2.75% to 5%, respectively. Further, petitioner emphasized that since the Letter of Authority issued on January 8, 1990 spec if i ca I Iy I imits the year of examination to 1987, the adjustment of prior years income in the amount of P266,309 . 81 in the assessment made by the respondent was in effect made without authority. Respondent on the other hand demurs and maintains that petitioner is liable to the subject assessment. She reasoned that upon examination of the petitioner's books of accounts it was discovered that petitioner recorded commission expenses for which no correspond i ng income was recorded, thus, the assessment on commission income. She also stressed that during the year 1987 the overstatement of petitioner's expenses , in the prior years, were adjusted. Instead of crediting said adjustment to corresponding expense accounts, the same was credited to "Prior Period Adjustments", thereby , making the petitioner's income for 1987 understated.

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 4- Respondent also contends that the petitioner's books of accounts were not properly maintained and since petitioner failed to furnish the BIR some of the documents necessary in the examination, respondent made the assessment based on the available evidence, invoking Section 16 of the Tax Code, thus: SEC. 16. Power of the Commissioner to make assessments. (a) Examination of returns and determination of tax. xxx ( b ) Fa i I u r e t o s u bm i t r e q u i red ret u r n s , statements, reports and other documents. When a report required by law as a basis for the assessment of any national internal revenue tax shall not be forthcoming within the time fixed by law or regulation or when there is reason to believe that any such report is false, incomplete or erroneous, the Commissioner shall assess the proper tax on the best evidence obtainable. XXX XXX XXX We find the petition devoid of merit, for petitioner has failed to rebut the validity or correctness of the aforementioned tax assessment. It is a well-settled rule in taxation that, a I I presumptions are in favor of the correctness of tax assessments. The good faith of tax assessors and the validity of their actions are presumed. They wi I I be presumed to have taken into consideration alI the facts to which their attention was called. No presumption can be indulged that all of the public officials of the state

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 5- in the various counties who have to do with the assessment of the property for taxation wi I I knowingly violate the duties imposed upon them by law. As a logical outgrowth of the presumption in favor of the validity of assessments, when such assessments are assai led, the burden of proof is upon the complaining party. It is incumbent upon the property owner to show that the assessment was erroneous, in order to rei ieve himself from it (Kischinchand Chellaram <Mani Ia) Inc. v. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. 60787, 27 March 1990, En Bane, Minute Resolution). The examiner's assessment should be given full faith and credit, in the absence of proof submitted by the taxpayer to the contrary. Tax assessments of tax examiners are presumed correct and made in good faith. The taxpayer has the duty to prove otherwise. Absent proof of any irregularities in the performance of duties, an assessment duly made by a Bureau of Internal Revenue examiner and approved by his superior officers wi I I not be disturbed. A I I presumptions are in favor of the correctness of tax assessments (Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Wyeth Suaco Laboratories, Inc. G.R. 76281, 30 Sept. 1991 >. In the case at bar, petitioner failed to establish that there was no undeclared commission expense and that (jjj)

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 6- there was no undeclared commission income for the year 1987. The evidence that were presented during the trial did not controvert the findings of the respondent. The petitioner's evidence merely tried to establish that the rates, used by the respondent in the computation of the petitioner's a I Ieged undec Ia red commission income and expenses for 1987, were different from the actual rates used by the petitioner. It was not clearly established by the petitioner that the use of the actual rates wi I I eliminate or diminish the amounts mentioned in the assessment notice. Neither did it adduce evidence to prove that there was no over-set-up of its I iabi I ities and expenses in the prior years which were taken and adjusted in the year 1987. In other words, petitioner has not presented any evidence as the relevance and competence required, and as such, "that if he fai Is satisfactorily to show the fact which he bases his claim, the defendant is under no obligation to prove his exceptions or defense" (Belen v. Belen, 13 Phi I. 202). Further, if the facts have not produced a valid case as a consequence of frustration to secure the supporting evidence such frustration does not operate to automatically prove petitioner's case. For such default, the action must fail and this Court cannot afford a remedy, it having no power nor

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 7- it. Be it of cold comfort that "the court cannot constitute themselves guardians of persons who are not I ega I I y incompetent. X X X. Men may do foolish things, make ridiculous contracts, use miserable judgments, and lose money by them - indeed, all they have in the world; but not for that alone can the law intervene and restore. There must be, in addition, a violation of law, the commission of what the law knows as an actionable wrong, before the courts are authorized to lay hold of the situation and remedy it." (Vales v. Vi I Ia, 35 Phi I. 769) T' hus, We are unable to find for petitioner, factual and Iega I, upon which to base the desired reI i ef. IN THE LIGHT OF ALL THE FOREGOING, the instant petition is hereby DISMISSED for lack of merit. Petitioner is hereby ORDERED to PAY the respondent Commissioner of Internal Revenue the amount of P679,993.61 (net of the compromise penalty) as its deficiency income tax for the year 1987, plus 20% de I i nquency interest per annum from Apr i I 20, 1994 unt i I fully paid, pursuant to Section 283(c)(3) of the 1987 Tax cos~ Code. No pronouncement as to SO ORDERED. ~-~;~~ 1:~ RAMON 0. DE VE A Associate Ju e

DECISION - C.T.A. CASE NO. 5110 - 8- WE CONCUR: ~ (Q_ c~ ERNESTO D. ACOSTA Presiding Judge CERTIFICATION hereby certify that the above decision was reached after due consultation with the members of the Court of Tax Appeals in accordance with Section 13, Article VI I I of the Constitution. ~ Q .. ~ ERNESTO D. ACOSTA Presiding Judge Court of Tax Appeals �