PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES COURT OF TAX APPEALS QUEZON CITY ENBANC PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, CTA EB NO. 2639 INC., (CTA Case No. 9913) Petitioner, Present: - versus - DEL ROSARIO, P.J., RINGPIS-LIBAN, MANAHAN, BACORRO-VILLENA, MODESTO-SAN PEDRO, REYES-FAJARDO, CUI-DAVID, FERRER-FLORES, and ANGELES, JJ. COMMISSIONER OF Promulgated: INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent. x--- --- --- --------------------------------- ----------------x AMENDED DECISION FERRER-FLORES, J. : Before this Court is the Motion for Reconsideration (Re: Decision dated June 22,2023) (Motion for Reconsideration) filed on July 25, 2023 by Philippine Airlines, Inc. (PAL/petitioner) with Opposition (Re: Motion for Reconsideration of the Decision dated 22 June 2023) filed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (CIR/respondent) on September 28, 2023. \

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 2 of9 In the instant motion, PAL prays that the Court En Bane reconsiders its Decision dated June 22, 2023 (assailed Decision) 1 which dismissed the Petition for Review dated July 4, 2022 due to the lack of required votes to reverse the Decision dated July 29, 2021 (assailed Division Decision)2 and the Resolution dated May 26, 2022 (assailed Division Resolution)3 both rendered by the First Division of the Court (Court in Division). The dispositive portion of the assailed Decision reads as follows: WHEREFORE, the present Petition for Review is DISMISSED pursuant to Section 2 of Republic Act No. 1125, as amended, in relation to Section 3, Rule 2 of the Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals. The assailed Decision dated July 29, 2021 and Resolution dated May 26, 2022 of the First Division of this Court in CTA Case No. 9913 shall stand AFFIRMED. SO ORDERED. To recall, the Court in Division, in the assailed Division Decision, denied PAL's claim for refund of N,492,243.43, representing illegally collected excise tax imposed on its importations of alcohol and tobacco products, for failure to present sufficient and convincing evidence to prove that the imported tobacco and alcohol products were not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price, at the time of importation. In support of its Motion for Reconsideration, PAL argues that the evidence it presented sufficiently established that the subject imported liquors and wine products are not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price. Moreover, PAL claims that the Supreme Court, in several cases, upheld the sufficiency of the evidence presented before the Court of Tax Appeals (CTA); hence, with the similar pieces of evidence presented by PAL in the case at bar, it sufficiently established that its imported liquors and wines are not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price. On the other hand, in his Opposition, the CIR avers that it is incumbent upon PAL to prove that it is entitled to the refund sought and that PAL failed to discharge its burden of establishing its claim for a tax refund or credit. Being in the nature of tax exemptions, claims for refund are regarded as in derogation of sovereign authority and to be construed strictissimijuris against 1 th' d�;mMt aod Eb,mlly ;n f"o' ofthe t~;ng '"'hodty. 1 Rollo, pp. 97 to Ill 2 Penned by Associate Justice Catherine T. Manahan and concurred in by Presiding Justice Roman G> Del Rosario; Rollo, pp. 45 to 67. 3 Rollo, pp. 72 to 78.

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 99 I3) Page 3 of9 RULING OF THE COURT EN BANC After a careful re-evaluation of the case and the arguments raised by PAL in its motion for reconsideration, this Court finds the instant motion partly meritorious. As discussed in the assailed Division Decision, based on Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Philippine Airlines, Inc. 4 and Section 13(b)(2) of Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 1590,5 in order to be exempt from payment of excise tax on its importation of tobacco and alcohol products, PAL must comply with the following conditions, to wit: 1. Payment of the corporate income tax; 2. The articles, materials, or supplies are imported for the use of the franchisee in its transport or non-transport operations and other incidental activities; and, 3. The imported articles, materials or supplies are not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price. As to the importation of alcohol products, there is no dispute that PAL was able to comply with the first and second conditions. The issue lies with the third condition. In several cases involving the same parties,6 to prove the third condition, PAL has consistently offered before this Court the following pieces of evidence: I. Testimonies of PAL's Assistant Vice-President in charge of Catering and In-flight Sub-Department and/or Manager for In-Flight Materials Purchasing Division, Catering & In-flight Materials Purchasing Sub-Department; 2. Table of Comparison Between Cost of Importing and Cost of Locally Purchasing Commissary and Catering Supplies; and, \ 4 G.R. Nos. 215705-07, February 22,2017. 5 An Act Granting a New Franchise to Philippine Airlines, Inc. to Establish, Operate, and Maintain Air- Transport Services in the Philippines and Between the Philippines and Other Countries. 6 Philippine Al)�/ines, Inc. vs. Commissioner ofInternal Revenue and Commissioner ofCustoms, CTA Case No. 8153. January 17, 20 13; Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. Commissioner t?f Internal Revenue and Commissioner ofCustoms, CTA Case No. 8198, June 2, 2015; Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue and Commissioner of Customs, CTA Case No. 8130, December I, 20 14; Philippine Airlines, Inc. vs. Commissioner ofInternal Revenue and Commissioner ofCustoms, CTA Case No. 8514, January 6, 20I5.

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 4 of9 3. Price List/s for specific period/s. Upon evaluation of the Court in those cases, in some instances, it deemed the above pieces of evidence, among others, sufficient to establish that the imported alcohol products were not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price. On the other hand, in those cases where the Court in Division deemed the evidence insufficient, the same was reversed by the Court En Bane or even by the Supreme Court. Notably, the Supreme Court ultimately found that the pieces of evidence presented by PAL were sufficient to prove the third condition. We summarize these cases as follows: Ruling of the CTA Ruling of the Supreme Court Relevant Periods (Importations vis-3-vis I. CTA Case No. 8153, January 17, G.R. No. 215705-07, February 22, 2013. 2017. (2017 PAL case) Price Lists) Period ofImportation: October to December 2007 The CTA Division partially granted The Supreme Court affirmed the ruling Price Lists: PAL's refund finding that PAL has of the CTA granting PAL's claim for sufficiently proven its exemption from refund and held that: Philippine Wine Merchants the payment of excise taxes pertaining Price List dated January only to its importation ofliquors. " ... the matter as to PAL's II, 2007 supposed noncompliance with CTA EB Nos. 1029, 1031 & 1032, the condWons set by Section 13 April 30, 2014. of P.D. 1590 for its imported supplies to be exemptfrom excise The Court En Bane affirmed the above tax, are factual determinations ruling. that are best left to the CTA, which found that PAL had, in fact, complied with the above conditions. xxx Thus, without any showing that the findings of the CTA are unsupported by substantial evidence, its findings are binding on this Court." The CTA Division denied PAL's G.R. No. 240532, March 27, 2019. Period ofImportation: refund holding that PAL failed to prove (2019 PAL case) January to July 2008 the third condition. The Supreme Court affirmed the ruling Price Lists: CTA EB No. 1363 (Amended of the CTA granting PAL's claim for Philippine Wine Merchants Decision), dated February 13,2018. refund and held that: Price List (for 2008) The Court En Bane reversed the CTA " .. .factual determinations that Division's decision denying the refund. are best left to the CTA and The case was then remanded for cannot be reviewed by this Court determination of the refundable under Rule 45. The CTA is a amount. highly specialized body that reviews tax cases and conducts The Court En Bane found that the trial de novo. Thus, without any evidence presented by PAL is showing that the findings of the sufficient for the CTA Division to CTA are completely unsupported evaluate that the costs of importing by substantial evidence, as in this liquors are lower than purchasing them case, its findings are binding on locally. this Court".

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 5 of9 Ruling of the CTA Ruling of the Supreme Court Relevant Periods (Importations vis-3-vis 3. CTA Case No. 8130, December I, G.R. No. 231638, February 17, 2021. 2014. (2021 PAL case) Price Lists) Period ofImportation: March to November 2007 The CTA Division denied the refund The Supreme Court partially granted Price Lists: finding that the information gathered PAL's petition and ordered the remand Philippine Wine Merchants from the two price lists are seriously of the case for determination of PAL's Price List for 2007 deficient to justify conclusion that the entitlement to a refund. The Supreme said imported items are not available in Court found the evidence presented reasonable quantity, quality or price in adequate to prove compliance with the the local market. conditions for exemption, to wit: CTA EB No. 1299, October 3, 2016. "Following prevailing The Court En Bane affirmed the CTA jurisprudence, we are convinced Division's ruling denying the claim for refund. that PAL sufficiently proved The Court En Bane held that the compliance with the second evidence presented by PAL was inadequate to prove that the imported condition for excise tax liquors, wines, and cigarettes were not locally available in reasonable exemption under Section 13 (b) quantity, quality or price, and is insufficient to establish its claim for a (2). The CTA committed a severe tax refund. departure from settled jurisprudence amounting to abuse or improvident exercise of authority when it ruled that the pieces of evidence PAL presented are 'inadequate' to show compliance with Section 13 (b) (2). While we have generally deferred and respected the tax court's factual findings, the Court will not hesitate to reverse its factual findings when there is a showing of gross error or abuse on the part ofthe CTA. G.R. Nos. 236343-45 & 236372-74, Period ofImportation: January 17,2023. (2023 PAL case) June 2007 to October 2009 The CTA Division partially granted The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Price Lists: PAL's refund ruling that PAL was able PAL and ordered the refund of Philippine Wine Merchants to substantiate its compliance with the erroneously paid excise taxes. With Price Lists for the years requisites finding that the witnesses regard to the third condition, the 2006, 2007, 2008, and sufficiently corroborated that the Supreme Court held that: 2009, imported liquors, wines and cigarettes were not locally available in reasonable .. We also note that the Tables Future Trade International quantity, quality or price and that the Price List dated April 8, said goods were In-flight Materials. of Comparison and supporting 2009, CTA EB Nos. 1308, 1309, & 1311 price lists submitted by PAL Future Trade International April30, 2014. Price List as of February The Court En Bane affirmed the above corroborated Capinpin's 2009, ruling. testimony that the imported items Price List of Duty-Free The Court En Bane agreed with the Philippines CTA Division's conclusion that PAL's were not locally available in evidence sufficiently established that the imported liquors, wines and reasonable quantity, quality or cigarettes were not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality or price. price. Thus, in line with prevailing jurisprudence, We agree with PAL that the CTA erred in ruling that PAL has inadequately shown its compliance with Section 13 (b) (2) of PD 1590 as regards the amount ofF240,283. 71."

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 6 of9 As can be gleaned from the foregoing cases, the Supreme Court gave weight to the factual findings of this Court stating that, without any showing that the findings of the CTA are unsupported by substantial evidence, its findings are binding on the Supreme Court. Stated otherwise, the Supreme Court deemed the findings of the CTA in the above cases to be supported by substantial evidence. It is also worth noting that, in the 2021 PAL case/ the Supreme Court categorically declared that PAL sufficiently proved compliance with the second condition for excise tax exemption under Section 13(b)(2) ofP.D. No. 1590.8 In said case, PAL presented Ms. Capinpin's sworn testimony, price list from one (1) local supplier (i.e., Philippine Wine Merchants Price List) and the Table of Comparison which were found to be sufficient to establish the non-availability of imported liquors and wines in reasonable quantity, quality, or pnce. Finally, it should be emphasized that in the above cases, the covered periods of the price lists presented to prove the non-availability of the alcohol products coincided with the periods of the subject importations. In the instant case, the subject of the claim for refund were the alleged erroneously paid excise taxes on alcohol products imported on various dates from October 2012 to March 2013. To prove that the alcohol products imported during said period were not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price, PAL presented the following pieces of evidence: 1. Judicial Affidavit of Ms. Cheryl V. Capinpin, its Manager for In-Flight Materials Purchasing Division; \ 7 G.R. No.231638, February 17,2021 8 SECTION 13. XXX (b) A franchise tax of two per cent (2%) of the gross revenues derived by the grantee from all sources, without distinction as to transport or nontransport operations; xxx. The tax paid by the grantee under either of the above alternatives shall be in lieu of all other taxes, duties, royalties, registration, license, and other fees and charges of any kind, nature, or description, imposed, levied, established, assessed, or collected by any municipal, city, provincial, or national authority or government agency, now or in the future, including but not limited to the following: XXX XXX XXX (2) All taxes, including compensating taxes, duties, charges, royalties, or fees due on all importations by the grantee of aircraft, engines, equipment, machinery, spare parts, accessories, commissary and catering supplies, aviation gas, fuel, and oil, whether refined or in crude form and other articles. supplies. or materials: provided, that such articles or supplies or materials are imported for the use of the grantee in its transport and nontransport operations and other activities incidental thereto and are not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality, or price; (Emphasis and underscoring supplied)

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 7 of9 2. Absolute Sales Corporation Price List for 2013; 3. Future Trade International Price List Effective February 1, 2013; 4. BIR Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC) No. 90-2012; 5. Report of the Court-commissioned Independent Certified Public Accountant (ICPA); and, 6. Judicial Affidavit of the ICPA. From the foregoing evidence, this Court, however, can only draw a conclusion as to the availability or non-availability of the alcohol products during 2013 based on the price lists from the two (2) local suppliers. With regard to the 2012 importations, while PAL presented RMC No. 90-2012, the same cannot be used as basis for comparison of prices or availability or non- availability of the alcohol products during 2012 considering that the listing in the said RMC was based on the 2010 BIR Price Survey. Prescinding from the above, PAL was only able to sufficiently prove its compliance with the third condition only insofar as the 2013 importations of alcohol products are concerned. With regard to the imported tobacco products during October 2012 to March 2013, as we have already held in the assailed Decision, the Court agrees with the ruling of the Court in Division that the testimony of Ms. Capinpin, standing alone, is insufficient to ascertain whether the subject tobacco products were, indeed, not locally available in reasonable quantity, quality or price. WHEREFORE, pet1t10ner Philippine Airlines, Inc.'s Motion for Reconsideration (Re: Decision dated June 22,2023) is PARTIALLY GRANTED. Let this case be REMANDED to the Court in Division for the determination of the refundable amount insofar as the excise taxes erroneously paid on its importation of alcohol products from January to March 2013. SO ORDERED.

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 99I3) Page 8 of9 WE CONCUR: With due respect, !join Justice anahan 's Dissenting Opinion ROMAN G. DEL ROSARIO Presiding Justice ~ ~ / "------� MA. BELEN M. RINGPIS-LIBAN Associate Justice c~�7�~ With due respect, I maintain my Dissenting Opinion CATHERINE T. MANAHAN Associate Justice MARIARO ~ ~F.~-Fa;~ MARIAN Iv& F. REvtS~FA.'J'ARDO Associate Justice ~ttn)� LANEE s. CUI-DAVID Associate Justice With due respect, !join Justif&nahan 's Dissenting Opinion HENRY S. ANGELES Associate Justice

AMENDED DECISION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Page 9 of9 CERTIFICATION Pursuant to Article VIII, Section 13 of the Constitution, it is hereby certified that the conclusions in the above Amended Decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court. Presiding Justice

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES COURT OF TAX APPEALS QUEZON CITY ENBANC PHILIPPINE AIRLINES, INC., CTAEB NO. 2639 Petitioner, (CTA Case No. 9913) -versus- Present: DEL ROSARIO, �1_, RINGPIS-LIBAN, MANAHAN, BACORRO-VILLENA, MODESTO-SAN PEDRO, REYES-FAJARDO, CUI-DAVID, FERRER-FLORES, and ANGELES, Jl. COMMISSIONER OF Promulgated: INTERNAL REVENUE, MAY 28 Respondent. )( - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - )( DISSENTING OPINION BACORRO-VILLENA, L.: With all due respect, I register my dissent to the ponencia as it partially grants petitioner Philippine Airlines, Inc.'s (petitioner's/PAL's) "Motion for Reconsideration (Re: Decision dated 22 June 2023) [Assailed Decision]" (MR) and remands the case to the First Division for the determination of the refundable amount insofar as the e)(cise ta)(es erroneously paid on petitioner's importation of alcohol products from January to March 2013. The ponencia ruled that the 2013 price lists obtained from two (2) ( j local suppliers are sufficient to establish herein petitioner's ( compliance with the third condition required by Presidential Decree (PD)

.. DISSENTING OPINION CTA EB No. 2Ji3.2 (CTA Case No. 9913) Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue X------------------------------------------X No. 1590, as amended', i.e., the non-availability of the subject imported alcohol products in the local market at a reasonable quantity, quality, or price, but only for those imported in 2013. As such, the ponencia remanded the case to the First Division for the determination of the refundable amount insofar as the excise taxes erroneously paid on petitioner's importation of alcohol products from January to March 2013. The ponencia cited the 2017 PAL Decision2 and the PAL Minute Resolutions of 20193, 20214, and 20235 as the basis for considering the submission of the 2013 price lists from two (2) local suppliers as sufficient compliance with the third condition. I, respectfully, beg to differ. It is worth noting that, as regards petitioner's importation of alcohol products in 2013, reliance cannot be made on the aforesaid 2017 PAL Decision and the PAL Minute Resolutions of 2019, 2021, and 2023 in terms of appreciating the price lists from two (2) local suppliers to establish compliance with the third condition since the subject matter of these cases pertain to importations made prior to the issuance of the Bureau of Internal Revenue's (BIR's) Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC) No. 90-2012.6 Particularly, the 2017 PAL Decision involved importations of various liquors and wines from October to December 2007, whereas the PAL Minute Resolutions of 2019, 2021, and 2023 involved those imported from January to April 2oo8, from March to November 2007 and from June 2007 to October 2oo8 and July 2009 to October 2009, respectively. Notably, RMC No. 90-2012 was based on the BIR's 2010 price survey of alcohol products. Therefore, it is understandable that for liquors and wines imported before and during 2010, a price list from a single local supplier would suffice to meet the third condition, as RMC No. 90-2012 already, provides a benchmark for the prices of those available in the local market.3 AN ACT GRANTING A NEW FRANCHISE TO PHILIPPINE AIRLINES. 11\iC. TO ESTABLISH, OPERATE, AND MAINTAIN AIR-TRANSPORT SERVICES IN THE PHILIPPINES AND BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINES AND OTI--IER COUNTRIES. Commissioner ofInternal Revenue and Commissioner (~(Customs v. Philippine Airlines. Inc.. G.R. Nos. 215705- 07.22 February 2017. Commissioner ofInternal Revenue (CIR). eta/.\'. Philippine Airlines. Inc. (PAL). G.R. No. 240532 (Notice). 27 March 2019. Philippine Airlines. Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. et a/.. G.R. No. 231638 (Notice). 17 February 2021. Commissioner ofInternal Revenue, eta/. v. Philippine Airlines, Inc.. G.R. Nos. 236343-45 (Notice). 17 January 2023. Ret'ised Tax Rates of.r.Ucohol and Tobacco Products Under Repubhc Act No. I0351. "An Act Restructuring the Excise TaJ,- on ...-llcolwl and Tobacco Products by Amending Sections 14 I, 1-12, 1-13, 144, /-15, 8. 13 I and 288 of Republic Act A'o. 8424. Otherwise Known as the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as Amended by Republic Act Xo. 9334. and for Other Purposes".

DISSENTING OPINION CTA EB No. 2..6..3.2 (CTA Case No. 9913) Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue X------------------------------------------X Since the instant case involves petitioner's imported alcohol products for the period from October 2012 to March 2013, which is beyond the scope of the BIR's 2010 price survey of alcohol products as per RMC No. 90-2012, it is reasonable to conclude that this issuance can no longer serve as a benchmark for the prices of those available in the local market. Without such a benchmark, the 2013 price lists obtained from two (2) local suppliers in this case cannot be deemed sufficient, as it can hardly be said that the prices indicated therein are representative of the local prices corresponding to petitioner's imported alcohol products. In this regard, I echo Associate Justice Catherine T. Manahan's Dissenting Opinion, where she expressed reservations about the probative value of the 2013 price lists obtained from two (2) local suppliers. This doubt stems from the testimony of Cheryl V. Capinpin, petitioner's Manager for the In-flight Materials Purchasing Division, that her observation-that the imported alcohol products are not available locally in reasonable quantity, quality, or price-is based solely on the 2013 price lists obtained from Absolute Sales Corporation and Future Trade International. Furthermore, she admitted that petitioner did not conduct a price survey with other companies apart from these dealers. I also wish to emphasize that, in determining compliance with the third condition, the focus should not be on the number of price lists obtained from local suppliers. Instead, it should be on whether petitioner was able to ascertain, within a reasonable time prior to importation, that the alcohol products sought to be imported could not be sourced from the local market in the necessary quantity, quality, or price-thereby justifying the need for importation. There should be evidence that petitioner determined the prices and availability ofeach imported alcohol product through a survey conducted with a representative number oflocal dealers, in order to reasonably conclude that such products cannot be sourced locally and must be imported. Certainly, since a statute granting tax exemption is strictly construed against the person or entity claiming the exemption7, it is incumbent upon petitioner to demonstrate that the third condition for excise tax exemption on the importation of alcohol products under PO 1590 was met not after, but within a reasonable time before or at the very least by the date ofimportation. It must be remembered that every case is evaluated and decided based on the evidence presented. A divergence in the rulings of the' priorly- promulgated cases is not violative of the doctrine of stare decisis.'()' Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 163835. 07 July 2010.

DISSENTING OPINION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Commissioner of internal Revenue X------------------------------------------X Additionally, the rulings in the PAL Minute Resolutions oLw198, 2o219, and 202310 are not applicable since a minute resolution is not considered a binding precedent. Citing Philippine Health Care Providers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenuen, in San Miguel Corporation v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue12 (San Miguel), the Supreme Court clarified that a previous case ruled with a different subject matter albeit with the same parties and same issues will not be considered res judicata to the other cases as well as stressed that there is a substantial distinction between a minute resolution and a decision, viz: It must be noted thatAPCwas decided through a Minute Resolution, and the petition's denial therein was due to a failure to abide by procedural requirements. Nevertheless, the Court held that even if the petitioner therein complied with the procedural requirements, the petition would still be denied for failure to show that a reversible error was committed by the appellate court. In the case of Philippine Health Care Providers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, the Court clarified that a Minute Resolution is not binding precedent: It is true that, although contained in a minute resolution, our dismissal of the petition was a disposition of the merits of the case. When we dismissed the petition, we effectively affirmed the CA ruling being questioned. As a result, our ruling in that case has already become final. When a minute resolution denies or dismisses a petition for failure to comply with formal and substantive requirements, the challenged decision, together with its findings of fact and legal conclusions, are deemed sustained. But what is its effect on other cases? With respect to the same subject matter and the same issues concerning the same parties, it constitutes res judicata. However. if other parties or another subject matter (even with the same parties and issues) is involved. the minute resolution is not binding precedent. Thus, in C/R v. Baier-Nicke/ the Court noted that a previous case, C/R v. Baier-Nickel involving the same parties and the same issues was previously disposed of by the Court through a minute resolution dated Februar:y 17. zoo3 sustaining the ruling of the CA. Nonetheless. the Court ruled that the previous case "(h)ad no bearing" on the latter case because the two cases involved different subject matters as they were concerned with the taxable income of different taxable years. Besides, there are substantial, not simply formal, distinctions b etween a minute resolution and a dec iSseiocnti.onTrhe ~~ constitutional requirement under the first paragraph of Supra at note 3. Supra at note 4. 10 Supra at note 5. 11 G.R. No. 167330 (Resolution). 18 September 2009. 12 G.R. No. 257697. 12 April 2023.

DISSENTING OPINION CTA EB No. 2639 (CTA Case No. 9913) Philippine Airlines. Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Page 5 ofS x------------------------------------------x Article Vlll of the Constitution that the facts and the law on which the judgment is based must be expressed clearly and distinctly applies only to decisions. not to minute resolutions. A minute resolution is signed only by the clerk of court by authority of the justices, unlike a decision. It does not require the certification of the Chief justice. Moreover, unlike decisions, minute resolutions are not published in the Philippine Reports. Finally, the proviso of Section 4(3) of Article Vlll speaks of a decision. Indeed, as a rule, this Court lays down doctrines or principles oflaw which constitute binding precedent in a decision duly signed by the members of the Court and certified by the Chief justice.'' Here, the subject alcohol products were imported from October 2012 to March 2013. On the other hand, as aforementioned, the PAL Minute Resolutions dealt with importations between March 2007 and October 2009. Thus, any declarations made in the said minute resolutions will not affect the instant case. With the foregoing disquisitions, I submit that petitiOner failed to present sufficient and convincing evidence to prove that the subject alcohol products it imported were not locally available in sufficient quantity, quality, or price at the time of their importation. All told, I vote to DENY the instant MR for lack of merit and thereby, AFFIRM the First Division's Decision dated 29 July 2021 and Resolution dated 26 May 2022. JEAN nU">,�'-"" A. BACORRO-VILLENA ociate Justice 13 Citation omitted. emphasis and italics in the original text, and underscoring supplied.