PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. ROLANDO A. CUEVAS Owner/Proprietor of MONACAT TRADING (with business address at Unit 2, Matic Building, National Highway, Canlalay, Bi?an City, Laguna or 2915 Calia Street, Elvinda Village, San Pedro City, Laguna) MERMELINDA C. DELA CRUZ Room 437, 4th Floor, Regina Building, Escolta, Manila (-ALL AT LARGE)-

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES COURT OF TAX APPEALS QUEZON CITY SECOND DIVISION PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, CTA CRIM. CASE NO. 0-1180 Plaintiff, For: Violation of Section 3602, in relation to Section 2503 ofthe - versus - Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (TCCP), as amended ROLANDO A. CUEVAS, Owner/Proprietor of MONACAT TRADING (with business address at Unit 2, Matic Members: Building, National Highway, Canlalay, Bifian City, Laguna or RINGPIS-LIBAN, Chairperson, 2915 Calia Street, Elvinda Village, San MODESTO-SAN PEDRO, and Pedro City, Laguna) FERRER-FLORES, JJ MERMELINDA C. DELA CRUZ Room 437, 41h Floor, Regina Building, Escolta, Manila Promulgated: (All at Large), APR 1t~ 20'2~ Accused. ----------------------- (\I h.~ t:.�"". x--------------------------------------------r-------------x J RESOLUTION On July 10, 2024, the prosecution filed the Information dated June 28, 2022 against herein accused, ROLANDO A. CUEVAS and MERMELINDA C. DELACRUZ, for violation of Section 3602 in relation to Section 2503 of the Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines, as amended, allegedly committed as follows: On or about 24 July 20 15, at the Port of Batangas, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, ROLANDO A. CUEVAS and MERMELINDA C. DELA CRUZ, owner/proprietor and manager of Monacat Trading, respectively, with evident intent to defraud the Government of the Republic of the Philippines through the importation of luxury vehicles into this country, did then and there, willfully and unlawfully, conspiring and confederating with one another, by means of fraudulent practice, knowingly commit misdeclaration

RESOLUTION CTA CRIM. CASE NO. 0-1180 in the description of goods by means of false statements and information, that is: Monacat Trading, through accused, in its submission of false and fraudulent invoice and declaration of one (1) unit of brand new 2015 white Land Rover LR2 with Chassis No. SALFR2EF5A231224 in container van number MSKU5191420 covered by Bill of Lading No. MCC830419A with Invoice and Packing List No. THM8730422-15 under Import Entry No. C- 6380 that arrived from Dubai, UAE, with taxes and duties amounting to One Million Three Hundred Seventy-Seven Thousand Forty-Five Pesos (P 1,377,045 .00), exclusive of surcharges and penalties, but was nonetheless found to contain one (1) unit of a brand new Land Rover Range Rover, a misdeclaration and gross undervaluation of more than thirty-percent (30%) of the imported article, to the damage and prejudice of the government. CONTRARY TO LAW. Legaspina Uayan Josol Alparaque filed a Formal Entry ofAppearance on September 20, 2024 as counsel for the accused Dela Cruz. Said counsel, however, failed to file a soft copy of the same pursuant to En Bane Resolution No. 8-2024. 1 A Motion to dismiss (on the ground ofInordinate Delay) was filed by accused DelaCruz on September 25, 2024. On November 18, 2024, the Court directed the prosecution to attach the original or the certified true copies ofthe annexes referred to in the Complaint- Affidavit of Alexander D.G. Ugay and Doy 0. De Castro which was appended to the Information. The Court further directed the counsel of accused Dela Cruz to comply with En Bane Resolution No. 8-2024. Legaspina Uayan Josol Alparaque filed the soft copy of its Formal Entry of Appearance on December 2, 2024 in compliance with En Bane Resolution No. 8-2024. A review of the records of the case shows that the prosecution received on December 02, 20242 the Court's Resolution dated November 18, 2024. Counting five days therefrom, the prosecution should have filed the said annexes on December 9, 2024.3 Despite notice, however, the prosecution has failed to comply with the same.4 With that, the Court shall now determine whether there is existence of reasonable certainty of conviction based on the documents submitted. 1 Records Verification dated September 25, 2024, Docket, p. 168. Notice of Resolution dated November 18, 2024, Docket, p. 173. Considering December 7, 2024 fell on Saturday, the next business day is December 9, 2024. 4 Records Verification dated January 8, 2025, Docket.

RESOLUTION CTA CRIM. CASE NO. 0-1180 Pursuant to Section 4 ofRule 9 of the 2005 Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals (RRCTA), as amended,5 the Court shall determine the existence or non-existence of probable cause. Corollary thereto, the prosecution submitted the original/certified true copies of the following supporting documents for the examination of the Court: 1. Resolution dated June 28, 2022 signed by Assistant State Prosecutors Agnes Farida S. Bagaforo-Arellano II and Christine Fatima V. Estepa, recommended by Senior Deputy State Prosecutor Miguel F. Gudio, Jr., and approved by Prosecutor General Benedicto A. Malcontento; 2. Investigation Data Form XVI-INV-15J-00377 dated October 9, 2015; 3. Referral for Preliminary Investigation dated October 9, 2015, signed by Commissioner Alberto D. Lina of the Bureau of Customs; and, 4. Complaint-Affidavit of Alexander D.G. Ugay and Doy 0. De Castro, members of the Enforcement and Security Services of the Enforcement Group of the Bureau of Customs, without any attached annexes. Enshrined in Section 2, Article III6 of our Constitution is the inviolable right of the people to be secured in their persons, properties and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures and that no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon finding of probable cause. Upon filing of an information in court, trial court judges7 must determine the existence or non-existence of probable cause based on their personal evaluation of the prosecutor's report and its supporting documents. SEC. 4. Warrant ofarrest.- Within ten days from the filing ofthe information, the Division ofthe Court to which the case was raffled shall evaluate the resolution of the public prosecutor and its supporting evidence. The Division may immediately dismiss the case if it finds that the evidence on record clearly fails to establish probable cause. If the Division finds probable cause, it shall issue a warrant of arrest signed by the Chairman of the Division. In case of doubt on the existence of probable cause, the Division may order the prosecutor to present additional evidence, ex parte, within five days from notice. 6 Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. In this case, Justices.

RESOLUTION CTA CRIM. CASE NO. 0-1180 Page 4 of4 They may dismiss the case, issue an arrest warrant, or require the submission of additional evidence.8 Probable cause for the purpose of issuing a warrant of arrest pertains to facts and circumstances which would lead a reasonably discreet and prudent person to believe that an offense has been committed by the person sought to be arrested.9 After a careful consideration of the allegations in the Information and personally examining and evaluating the supporting documents submitted, without the annexes directed by the Court to submit by the prosecution, the Court finds the supporting documents on record insufficient to establish a prima facie case against the accused. Considering the foregoing, the Court finds no necessity to discuss the merit of the Motion to Dismiss (on the ground ofInordinate Delay) filed by accused Dela Cruz. WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant Information IS DISMISSED without prejudice. SO ORDERED. MA. BELEN M. RINGPIS-LIBAN Associate Justice MARIA RO("EN As so ~/.:/.~~ COR~ON G. FERRER-F~RES Associate Justice Maza vs. Turla, G.R. No. 187094, 15 February 2017. Relampagos vs. Sandiganbayan (Second Division), G.R. No. 235480, 27 January 2021.