Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 265288 of 379 articles for investigation

Hotel Waivers for Lost Guest Items Are Void: The McLoughlin Rule

Philippine law voids hotel waivers for lost guest belongings. Learn the McLoughlin case and what hotels must do.

Reasonable Doubt Prevails: Acquittal in Attempted Murder Based on Insufficient Circumstantial Evidence

The Supreme Court acquits a school principal of attempted murder, ruling that hearsay and unverified confessions cannot support a conviction based on circumstantial evidence.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When Corporate Officers Face Personal Liability in Estafa Cases

When can a corporate officer be personally liable for estafa? The Supreme Court clarifies the limits of corporate personality and criminal liability.

Clerks of Court as Notaries: Limits on Ex Officio Notarial Powers

Clerks of court are ex officio notaries, but their notarial powers extend only to official duties—not private documents.

Notarizing Documents: The Attorney's Duty to Verify Identity and Authenticity

A lawyer who notarized complaints for dead persons was suspended. Learn the notary's duty to verify identity and ensure authenticity.

Liability for Unfounded Accusations: Upholding Personal Dignity in Theft Investigations

When a theft suspect is publicly accused without proof, Philippine law on human relations may award moral damages.

When a Barangay Captain Cannot Be Independent Counsel: Extrajudicial Confessions and the Constitution

A barangay captain who is a lawyer cannot act as independent counsel for a suspect. The Supreme Court explains why the confession was inadmissible.

Mootness Doctrine and Acquittal: When Court Rulings Lose Relevance

Explaining when court rulings become moot and academic, and how acquittal affects pending criminal cases in the Philippines.

Ombudsmans Discretion Investigating Complaints Against Public Officials IN THE Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies the Ombudsman's discretionary power to investigate complaints against public officials and the limits of judicial review.

Estafa Conviction Upheld for Deceit in Mobilization Fund Scheme

Supreme Court affirms estafa conviction for contractor who misrepresented ability to mobilize equipment and misappropriated P600,000 mobilization fund.

Reasonable Doubt Prevails When Circumstantial Evidence Falls Short of Conviction

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when circumstantial evidence suffices for conviction in estafa cases, examining the limits of proof beyond reasonable doubt.

Grave Threats Case: Why Judges Must Apply Summary Procedure Correctly

In Riño v. Cawaling, the Supreme Court fined a judge for gross ignorance of the law in misapplying summary procedure in a grave threats case.

Rape Conviction on Circumstantial Evidence and the Protection of Child Victims in Philippine Courts

How Philippine courts handle rape convictions based on circumstantial evidence and safeguard child victims in the justice system.

Illegal Recruitment in Large Scale: When a Recruiter's Agent Still Faces Criminal Liability

Philippine Supreme Court explains when a recruiter's agent can be liable for illegal recruitment in large scale despite a licensed agency's SPA.

Banks' Fiduciary Duty to Protect Depositors' Funds: What the Law Requires

Philippine law imposes a strict fiduciary duty on banks to protect depositors' funds. This article explains the legal standards and consequences of breach.

Judicial Efficiency: Sanctions for Undue Delay in Rendering Decisions

A judge's failure to decide cases within 90 days is undue delay, a less serious offense under Rule 140.

The Weight of Fear: Evaluating Delay in Rape Cases Under Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on rape convictions, victim credibility, and why delay in reporting does not weaken a case.

Plunder and Conspiracy: Defining "Combination or Series" in Amassing Ill-Gotten Wealth

The Supreme Court clarifies what constitutes a "combination or series" of acts in plunder cases, and the scope of conspiracy among co-accused.

Breach of Trust Establishing Estafa in Misappropriated Funds

Supreme Court ruling on when misappropriating advance payments constitutes estafa under Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code.

Eyewitness Testimony, Confessions, and Conspiracy: Lessons from the Payumo Massacre Case

The Supreme Court's ruling in the Payumo Massacre case clarifies the rules on eyewitness credibility, inadmissible confessions, and conspiracy in Philippine criminal law.

Judicial Overreach Limits On MCTC Judges Granting Bail After Jurisdiction Transfer

MCTC judge fined for granting bail after jurisdiction transferred to RTC. Learn the limits of bail authority.

Safeguarding Confessions: The Right to Competent Counsel in Philippine Law

A confession is inadmissible if the accused lacked truly competent, independent counsel during custodial investigation.

Independent Counsel Requirement in Custodial Investigation: The Velarde Case

A mayor acting as counsel during custodial investigation is not independent, making confessions inadmissible and leading to acquittal.

Unveiling Forgery: Securing Document Examination in Philippine Courts

Learn how Philippine courts handle forgery claims, document production, and NBI examination under Rule 27, based on a 2002 Supreme Court ruling.