Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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From Murder to Homicide: When Qualifying Circumstances Fail in Conspiracy Cases
Supreme Court explains when conspiracy stands but treachery and abuse of superior strength fail, reducing murder to homicide.
Dwelling AS AN Aggravating Circumstance Retroactive Application AND THE Right TO BE Informed
Simple Misconduct vs Grave Misconduct: Ethical Boundaries for Court Personnel in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on DTR falsification by court personnel clarifies grave misconduct penalties and mitigating circumstances.
Misappropriation of Litigant Funds Leads to Judge's Dismissal
Supreme Court dismisses judge for misappropriating P78,000 in fiduciary funds entrusted by litigants, violating Circular No. 50-95.
Minority as a Privileged Mitigating Circumstance: The Weight of a Birth Certificate in Criminal Cases
A birth certificate is the best evidence of age. The Supreme Court explains how minority can reduce a criminal penalty.
Fiduciary Duty and Accountability: The Consequences of Violating Court Circulars on Fund Management
A clerk of court who released a bail bond without a written court order was fined for violating Supreme Court Circular No. 50-95.
Treachery Defined: How Sudden Attacks Qualify as Murder Under Philippine Law
The Supreme Court explains treachery in murder cases—when a sudden, unexpected attack qualifies as a qualifying circumstance under Philippine law.
Circumstantial Evidence and the Web of Guilt: Establishing Criminal Liability Beyond Reasonable Doubt
The Supreme Court clarifies how circumstantial evidence can establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt in criminal cases, using a rape conviction as an example.
Circumstantial Evidence Establishing Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt IN Murder Cases 2
The Supreme Court affirms a rape conviction based on circumstantial evidence, explaining how guilt beyond reasonable doubt can be established without direct eyewitness testimony.
Voluntary Surrender as a Mitigating Factor in Murder Cases
The Supreme Court explains when voluntary surrender qualifies as a mitigating circumstance in murder, reducing the penalty from death to reclusion perpetua.
Circumstantial Evidence and Parricide: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt
How circumstantial evidence can prove parricide beyond reasonable doubt, and when aggravating circumstances cannot raise the penalty to death.
Judicial Accountability When Misinterpreting Circulars Leads to Liability
Supreme Court clarifies that Circular No. 3-89 covers only administrative cases, not criminal cases against judges; a judge's misinterpretation can result in administrative liability.
When Advertising Costs Become Capital Expenditures: Lessons from CIR v. General Foods
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when large advertising expenses are deductible business costs or capital outlays for goodwill.
Treachery in Robbery With Homicide: Supreme Court Clarifies Aggravating Circumstances
The Supreme Court clarifies that treachery can aggravate robbery with homicide when the victim is killed treacherously, affecting penalty imposition.
Judicial Accountability When Judges Overstep Supervisory Bounds and Circumvent Due Process
A Supreme Court ruling on when reprimanding a complainant violates due process, and why withdrawing an administrative complaint does not end the case.
Circumventing Disqualification Orders Through Consultancy Contracts Warrants Lawyer Suspension
Lawyer suspended for violating court disqualification by serving as "consultant" to government agency while performing employee duties.
Child Witness Credibility in Rape Cases: Why Qualifying Circumstances Must Be Alleged
How Philippine courts assess a child rape victim's testimony and why unalleged qualifying circumstances reduce the penalty to reclusion perpetua.
Judicial Authority and Limits: A Judge's Jurisdiction After Temporary Reassignment
Explaining the Supreme Court's ruling on a judge's notarial powers, the limits of judicial authority, and the importance of following SC Circular No. 1-90.
Conspiracy Unmasked When Silence Implies Guilt IN Murder AND Kidnapping Cases
The Supreme Court explains how circumstantial evidence and silence can establish conspiracy in murder and kidnapping cases.
Circumstantial Evidence and Murder Convictions: The People vs. Diaz Case
Learn how the Supreme Court upheld a murder conviction based solely on circumstantial evidence in People vs. Diaz, and what this means for Philippine criminal law.
Reasonable Doubt Acquittal in Rape with Homicide Based on Circumstantial Evidence
Supreme Court acquits rape-homicide accused where circumstantial evidence failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Conspiracy and Consent: Examining the Elements of Rape in Philippine Law
The Supreme Court clarifies rape elements, consent, and qualifying circumstances in a father's conviction for raping his 10-year-old daughter.
Accountability in Robbery: Establishing Conspiracy and Liability in Complex Crimes
A bus robbery turned deadly. The Court explains conspiracy liability in robbery with homicide, and why the aggravating circumstance of band was not proved.
Proving Online Abuse: Social Media Evidence in VAWC Cases
How the Supreme Court allows circumstantial evidence to prove authorship of harmful social media posts in psychological abuse cases.