Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 361384 of 749 articles for denial

Marital Cohabitation and Consensual Acts: Rape and Acts of Lasciviousness in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when cohabitation does not imply consent, and how rape and acts of lasciviousness are distinguished in Philippine criminal law.

Breach of Trust and Confidence: Upholding Termination of Supervisory Employees in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on valid dismissal of supervisory employees for breach of trust and confidence in Coca-Cola Bottlers case.

When Retirement Moots a Disapproved Appointment: CSC vs. Tahanlangit

Explaining the Supreme Court ruling that optional retirement during the appeal period renders a CSC appointment disapproval moot.

Accountability FOR ALL Establishing Conspiracy IN Robbery With Homicide

A conviction for robbery with homicide does not require each conspirator to wield the weapon. Presence and common purpose suffice.

Diligence Required Enforcing Final Judgments AND Avoiding Laches IN Philippine LAW

A 13-year delay in enforcing a final judgment bars execution by motion and constitutes laches. Learn the rules and deadlines.

Age of Criminal Responsibility: Testimonial Evidence and Protecting Juvenile Offenders

How testimonial evidence can prove a juvenile offender's age for exemption from criminal liability under RA 9344.

Retirement Benefits: Employer's Duty Beyond Initial Retirement

Retired employee continues working; Supreme Court clarifies prescription, retirement pay computation, and employer obligations under Philippine law.

DNA Evidence and Paternity: Establishing Paternity Beyond Reasonable Doubt in Rape Cases

How the Supreme Court first applied the DNA Rules to confirm paternity and uphold a rape conviction.

Doubt Benefits The Accused When Witness Testimony Falls Short In Rape Cases

The Supreme Court explains that reasonable doubt in rape cases arises when witness testimony is inconsistent, uncorroborated, or fails to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.

Sexual Assault Credibility and Victim Rights in Philippine Rape Cases

How Philippine courts assess victim credibility in sexual assault cases, safeguard victim rights, and determine proper charges and penalties.

Missed Your Appeal Understanding Finality of Judgments and Procedural Deadlines in Philippine Courts

Learn how missing appeal deadlines makes judgments final and binding, using a Philippine Supreme Court case on union elections as guide.

Finality of DARAB Decisions: No Reopening Despite Alleged Errors

A final DARAB ruling is immutable. Learn why the Supreme Court barred a tenant from reopening his case despite claims of jurisdictional errors.

Limits of Mandamus Court Discretion in Criminal Case Dismissals in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when mandamus can compel a judge to dismiss criminal cases, and when it cannot.

Rape Conviction Upheld: Grandfather's Betrayal of Trust and the Testimony of a Child Victim

The Supreme Court affirms a grandfather's qualified rape conviction, relying on the credible testimony of his young granddaughter and medical evidence.

Statutory Rape: Protecting Children and Ensuring Due Process in Criminal Law

A father's conviction for statutory rape upheld, but due process requires every element—including relationship—be alleged in the information.

Due Process Rights of Public Officials When Administrative Charges Fail

A public official cannot be held liable for a vague charge never pleaded, nor for a document whose authenticity remains unresolved.

Rape Conviction Upheld on Credible Victim Testimony; Death Penalty Reduced

Supreme Court affirms rape conviction based on credible victim testimony and medical evidence, but reduces death penalty to reclusion perpetua.

Sharia Court Jurisdiction Determining Muslim Status For Estate Settlement

The Supreme Court clarifies when Sharia District Courts may hear estate cases and determine if a deceased person was Muslim.

Buy-Bust Operations: Ensuring Legality and Upholding Rights in Drug Cases

The Supreme Court affirms a drug conviction, clarifying the rules on buy-bust operations, warrantless arrests, and the chain of custody of seized drugs.

Acts of Lasciviousness vs Rape: When Touching Is Not Insertion in Sexual Assault Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies when digital touching amounts to acts of lasciviousness rather than rape by sexual assault.

Material Misrepresentation in a COC: When a False Statement Can Nullify an Election Win

A false statement in a Certificate of Candidacy on a material qualification can cancel a candidacy and nullify an election victory, as Velasco v. COMELEC shows.

The Critical Element of Penile Penetration in Statutory Rape Convictions in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies that in statutory rape, each count requires proof of penile penetration, even when the victim is below 12.

CIAC Jurisdiction Prevails Over Arbitration Agreements in Construction Disputes

Learn how the Supreme Court affirmed CIAC's exclusive jurisdiction over construction disputes even when contracts name a different arbitration body.

Rape Conviction Upheld: Moral Ascendancy and Victim Testimony in Qualified Rape Cases

Supreme Court affirms qualified rape conviction, explaining moral ascendancy, victim credibility, and why date discrepancies do not defeat the prosecution's case.