Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Illegal Dismissal: When Can an Employer Terminate an Employee in the Philippines

Philippine law requires just cause and due process for valid termination. This case explains serious misconduct and loss of confidence rules.

Self-Defense in the Philippines: Unlawful Aggression and the Cabiles Case

Philippine self-defense law requires unlawful aggression, reasonable force, and no provocation. The Cabiles case shows how courts test these elements.

Alibi Defense in Philippine Criminal Law: Requirements and Limitations

Understand when alibi works as a defense in Philippine criminal cases, its legal requirements, and why courts view it with suspicion.

Treachery in Philippine Criminal Law: Understanding Alevosia and Its Implications

A look at how Philippine courts define treachery (alevosia) in murder cases, using the 1996 Paragua decision as a guide.

When Can You Justifiably Use Force: Self-Defense in the Philippines

Learn the legal requirements for self-defense in the Philippines, including the elements of unlawful aggression and how courts assess justifiable force.

Self-Defense and Treachery: Understanding Criminal Liability in Philippine Law

A look at how Philippine courts weigh self-defense claims against treachery in murder cases, using the Lapura ruling.

Proving Treachery in Murder Cases: Lessons from People v. Ocsimar

The Supreme Court clarifies that treachery must be proven as clearly as the crime itself, and a stab from behind does not automatically qualify as murder.

When Self-Defense Fails: Proving Unlawful Aggression in Philippine Criminal Cases

A Supreme Court ruling explains why bare claims of self-defense fail without credible witnesses, and when treachery and evident premeditation do not qualify a killing.

Warrantless Arrests and Drug Evidence: What Buy-Bust Operations Mean for Your Rights

Learn when warrantless arrests and drug evidence are valid in buy-bust operations, and how Philippine courts handle frame-up defenses.