Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Conspiracy and Criminal Liability: Understanding Group Crimes in the Philippines
Learn how Philippine courts treat conspiracy in group crimes, when each member is equally liable, and what this means for criminal defense.
When One Eyewitness Is Enough: Conviction for Murder in Philippine Courts
A single credible eyewitness can secure a murder conviction in the Philippines. Learn the rules from People v. Mira.
From Brawl to Murder: Conspiracy and Abuse of Superior Strength in Philippine Criminal Law
The Supreme Court explains when a drunken brawl becomes murder through conspiracy and abuse of superior strength under Philippine law.
Conspiracy in Robbery With Homicide: Understanding Collective Liability in Philippine Law
A Philippine Supreme Court ruling explains how conspiracy makes every participant liable for robbery with homicide, even if only one stabbed the victim.
Hearsay Evidence and Conspiracy in Philippine Fraud Cases: What You Should Know
Learn how Philippine courts treat hearsay evidence, conspiracy, and liability in robbery cases, based on a Supreme Court ruling.
Conspiracy in Rape Cases: Collective Criminal Liability Under Philippine Law
How Philippine courts apply conspiracy to hold all participants in a gang rape equally liable, even those who did not directly commit the act.
When Silence Implies Guilt: Co-Conspirator Testimony in Robbery with Homicide
The Supreme Court explains when a co-conspirator's uncorroborated testimony can convict in robbery with homicide cases.
Conspiracy and Criminal Liability in Group Violence: Lessons from People v. Barro
When multiple attackers kill together, conspiracy makes each equally liable. The Barro case explains how courts infer conspiracy.
Rape and Incest: The Importance of Specific Allegations in Rape Cases With Incestuous Elements
In People v. Antonio, the Supreme Court affirmed three rape convictions, clarified conspiracy versus accomplice liability, and restated the damages owed to a rape victim.
Presidential Supervision vs Control: Protecting Local Fiscal Autonomy in the Philippines
The Supreme Court limits presidential power over LGUs, striking down IRA withholding while allowing advisory economy measures.
Collective Guilt Establishing Conspiracy in Group Criminality
When does holding a victim's hand during a gang attack make you guilty of murder? The Supreme Court explains conspiracy.
Collective Liability and Conspiracy in Criminal Actions: People v. Aquino
When does mere presence or participation in a transaction amount to criminal conspiracy? The Supreme Court clarifies in People v. Aquino.
Absence of Conspiracy Leads to Acquittal in Estafa Case for Lack of Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
The Supreme Court acquits an accused in an estafa case, ruling that conspiracy must be proven beyond reasonable doubt, not merely inferred from presence or interest.
Reasonable Doubt Acquittal in Robbery With Homicide: When Weak Evidence Fails
Supreme Court acquits robbery-with-homicide accused where eyewitness testimony lacked specificity and conspiracy was not proven beyond reasonable doubt.
Accountability in Concerted Criminal Acts: Establishing Conspiracy and Liability
A look at how Philippine courts infer conspiracy from concerted acts and hold each conspirator liable for the crimes committed.
Accountability in Conspiracy: Establishing Homicide Liability in Philippine Law
How Philippine courts infer conspiracy from concerted acts, and why each conspirator is liable for the crimes committed by the group.
Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law: Establishing Shared Criminal Intent
Explaining conspiracy in Philippine criminal law through People v. Flora, where the Supreme Court clarified the limits of co-conspirator liability.
Unreliable Witness Identification When Does It Impact A Criminal Case
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when witness identification and conspiracy evidence fail to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Conspiracy in Kidnapping Cases: Establishing Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on conspiracy requires overt acts, not mere presence, to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt in criminal cases.
Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law: Establishing Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on conspiracy, credibility of witnesses, and the requirement of proof beyond reasonable doubt in murder cases.
Self-Defense and Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law: Lessons from People v. Candare
A Supreme Court ruling clarifies how conspiracy and physical evidence establish guilt in murder cases, even when self-defense is claimed.
Royalty Payments After Franchise Expiration: When the Assigned Right Ceases
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether royalty fees continue after the underlying franchise agreement expires and the assigned right ceases to exist.
Conspiracy and Liability: When Presence at the Scene Makes You Guilty of Murder in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how conspiracy in murder can be proven by concerted acts, not just a prior agreement.
Conspiracy and Treachery: How Courts Determine Liability in Group Violence
Philippine Supreme Court explains when conspiracy makes all attackers liable and why warning shots negate treachery in group killings.