Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 2543 of 43 articles for judicial authority

Unconscionable Interest Rates: How Philippine Courts Protect Borrowers

Philippine courts void unconscionable interest rates as against public policy. Learn the rules, jurisprudential standards, and practical protections for borrowers.

Pairing Judge Authority: When Orders Become Void After a Regular Judge Assumes Office

A pairing judge's authority ends when the regular judge assumes office. Orders issued after that are void, as Yujuico v. Quiambao shows.

When Judges Overstep Preliminary Investigation Boundaries: A Lesson in Judicial Overreach

SC ruling on a judge who issued arrest warrants without preliminary investigation, and the limits of judicial authority.

Judicial Overreach: Contempt Powers, Due Process, and the Limits of a Judge's Discretion

A judge's contempt power has limits. Learn how the Supreme Court disciplined a judge for denying a lawyer's right to post bond.

Judicial Authority and Preliminary Investigations: Balancing Power and Procedure

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that municipal trial court judges may conduct preliminary investigations, and errors in judgment alone do not warrant administrative liability.

DARAB Contempt Powers: Why Arrest Orders Must Come From Courts

The Supreme Court limits DARAB's contempt power—arrest orders for indirect contempt must come from the Regional Trial Court, not administrative bodies.

Judicial Overreach Limits MCTC Authority in Libel Cases

The Supreme Court reminds judges that only specific courts may conduct preliminary investigations in libel cases under Article 360.

Judicial Authority and Limits: A Judge's Jurisdiction After Temporary Reassignment

Explaining the Supreme Court's ruling on a judge's notarial powers, the limits of judicial authority, and the importance of following SC Circular No. 1-90.

Judicial Ethics: Dismissal of Judge for Extortion and Serious Misconduct

Supreme Court dismisses a judge for demanding money from a litigant, reaffirming strict standards of judicial ethics and integrity.

Dismissal for Judicial Misconduct: Impartiality and Diligence in Granting Hospital Confinement

A judge's dismissal for granting hospital confinement without hearing shows why diligence and impartiality are non-negotiable in every judicial act.

Contempt of Court: Balancing Judicial Authority and Attorneys' Rights to Advocate

A look at Frani v. Pagayatan on when a judge's loss of composure in court crosses the line, and when it does not.

Bouncing Checks Law: When Courts May Impose Fine Instead of Imprisonment

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on B.P. 22 violations explains when fines replace imprisonment and clarifies due process rights in bouncing checks cases.

Due Process and Judicial Conduct: When Speedy Action Becomes Abuse of Authority

A judge who ruled on a motion before the scheduled hearing was fined for violating due process. Learn the rules on notice and hearing.

Lawyers Must Promptly Account for Client Funds: A Lesson from A.C. No. 5019

The Supreme Court suspends a lawyer for failing to promptly account for client funds, reaffirming the fiduciary duty under Canon 16.

Judicial Overreach Defining Jurisdictional Boundaries IN Marriage Solemnization

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies judges' authority in marriage solemnization, ruling on jurisdiction limits and administrative liability.

Breach of Contract in the Philippines: Rescission and the Risks of Buying Property with a Notice of Lis Penden

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on rescission, reciprocal obligations, and why a notice of lis pendens binds any buyer of disputed property.

Article 125 and the Proper Judicial Authority: Filing Before the MTC Stops the Detention Clock

Filing a complaint with the MTC counts as delivering a detainee to the proper judicial authority under Article 125, even without trial jurisdiction.

Fair Trial or Biased Judge: When a Trial Judge's Questions Are Proper in Philippine Courts

The Supreme Court clarifies when a judge's clarificatory questions during trial are proper and do not prove judicial bias.

Prosecutorial Discretion vs Court Authority: Navigating Criminal Case Dismissals in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the balance between prosecutorial discretion and judicial authority in dismissing criminal cases after information is filed.