Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 505520 of 520 articles for assessment

Dynamite Fishing in the Philippines: Laws, Penalties, and the People vs. Vergara Case

Learn the Philippine law against dynamite fishing, penalties under P.D. 704, and key lessons from People vs. Vergara.

Back Taxes on Undeclared Improvements: What "Declared for the First Time" Means

The Supreme Court explains when local assessors may impose back taxes on previously undeclared building improvements under PD 464.

When Witness Inconsistency Undermines a Murder Conviction in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court explains when minor witness inconsistencies do not destroy a rape conviction and how credibility is assessed.

Accretion vs. Foreshore Land in the Philippines: Who Owns Newly Formed Land?

Philippine law distinguishes accretion from foreshore land. Learn who owns newly formed land along rivers and seas under the Civil Code and the Spanish Law of Waters.

Judicial Recusal: Understanding Bias and Impartiality in Philippine Courts

The Supreme Court clarifies when judges must inhibit and why late motions to disqualify are frowned upon.

Eminent Domain in the Philippines: Just Compensation and Due Process

Learn how Philippine law protects property owners in eminent domain cases, focusing on just compensation and due process requirements.

Juvenile Justice Understanding Mitigation AND Criminal Liability IN THE Philippines

How Philippine courts treat juvenile offenders, minority as mitigating circumstance, and criminal liability under the law.

Check-Off Provisions in Philippine Labor Law: Employer Liability for Uncollected Union Dues

When an employer fails to deduct union dues under a CBA check-off, is it liable for the uncollected amount? The Supreme Court clarifies.

Consent and Rape: Understanding the Nuances of Sexual Assault in the Philippines

The Bawar case shows how Philippine courts weigh consent, credibility, and behavior in rape cases—crucial for understanding sexual assault law.

Buy-Bust Operations: When Is a Warrantless Arrest Valid in Drug Cases

Philippine Supreme Court explains why buy-bust arrests are valid warrantless arrests in drug cases, and clarifies the rules on entrapment and searches.

When Circumstantial Evidence Suffices: Rape with Homicide and the Limits of Alibi

The Supreme Court explains when circumstantial evidence can convict, why alibi rarely works, and the difference between reclusion perpetua and life imprisonment.

Circumstantial Evidence in Rape Cases: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt

How the Supreme Court upheld a rape-homicide conviction based solely on circumstantial evidence, and what this means for Philippine criminal prosecutions.

When Witness Testimony Determines Guilt: Credibility in Philippine Murder Cases

Learn how Philippine courts assess eyewitness credibility in murder cases, from the 1996 People v. Pano ruling on positive identification versus alibi.

Deducting Bad Debts in the Philippines: Proving Worthlessness for Tax Purposes

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the strict requirements for deducting bad debts for tax purposes, emphasizing documentary proof of worthlessness.

Probable Cause and Issuance of Arrest Warrants: The Roberts Case Explained

When must a judge examine records before issuing warrants? The Roberts case clarifies probable cause and arrest warrant rules.

Child Witness Testimony in Philippine Courts: Competency and Credibility Standards

Philippine courts evaluate child witness competency case-by-case. Learn the standards from People v. Mendoza and practical takeaways.