Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 4972 of 648 articles for cir

Unreliable Eyewitness Testimony: When Flawed Identification Leads to Acquittal

The Supreme Court acquits an accused when eyewitness identification is unreliable. Learn the totality of circumstances test and key safeguards.

Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases: Nullifying COA Decisions for Undue Delay

The Supreme Court nullified COA decisions after an 11-year delay, reaffirming the constitutional right to speedy disposition of cases.

Child Custody in the Philippines: The Best Interest of the Child Standard

Philippine courts decide child custody disputes by one standard: the child's best interest. Learn the factors, the law, and a landmark 2024 ruling.

Moral Ascendancy in Rape Cases: Why Silence Can Prove the Crime

Philippine law recognizes moral ascendancy as a substitute for force in rape cases. Learn what this means for victims and legal strategy.

When Does a Right to Radio Frequencies Vest? The NOW Telecom Ruling

A legislative franchise does not guarantee radio frequencies. The Supreme Court explains why spectrum use is a privilege.

Human Trafficking in the Philippines: Qualified Trafficking and Child Protection Under RA 9208

Philippine law treats trafficking of minors as qualified trafficking with severe penalties. A recent Supreme Court ruling shows how victim testimony secures convictions.

Medical Malpractice in the Philippines: Proving Negligence After Nuñez vs. Daz

When is a bad medical outcome negligence? The Supreme Court's Nuñez ruling clarifies the high burden of proof in Philippine malpractice cases.

Qualified Rape vs. Statutory Rape: Supreme Court Clarifies Child Sexual Abuse Law

The Supreme Court clarifies the proper legal designation for child sexual abuse cases, distinguishing qualified rape from statutory rape under Philippine law.

Ghost Employees and Graft Liability: The Supreme Court’s Standard in People v. Reales

The Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof in ghost employee corruption cases, protecting honest public officials from wrongful conviction.

Independent Contractor vs. Employee: The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when a "freelancer" is really a regular employee under Philippine labor law, using the control test.

Seafarer Death Benefits: Work-Related Illness and Employer Liability in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the disputable presumption of work-relatedness for seafarer death benefits under the POEA-SEC, shifting the burden of proof to employers.

Chain of Custody and the Saving Clause in Philippine Drug Cases

When a flawed drug bust still stands: the saving clause under Section 21, RA 9165, explained through a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Financial Abuse Under VAWC: Why Intent Matters in RA 9262 Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that financial abuse under RA 9262 requires proof of intent to cause emotional anguish, not just denial of support.

Qualified Rape and Moral Ascendancy: When Trust Becomes a Weapon

How moral ascendancy can substitute for force in rape cases, and why abusing a position of trust over a minor leads to qualified rape.

When Is Deadly Force Justified in the Philippines? Police Use of Force Rules

Philippine law on police use of force, deadly force standards, and what the Supreme Court says about justified shootings.

Theft vs. Robbery in the Philippines: The Element of Force Explained

Understand the difference between theft and robbery under Philippine law, and how the element of force affects criminal liability and penalties.

Letter of Authority vs. Letter Notice: When a BIR Tax Assessment Is Void

The Supreme Court ruled that a BIR Letter Notice cannot substitute for a Letter of Authority—assessments without a valid LOA are void.

Ethical Boundaries for Court Personnel: Consequences of Soliciting Fees for Favorable Outcomes

Court stenographer dismissed for gross misconduct after soliciting P248,000 from a litigant, promising to fix an annulment case.

When IPRA Customary Law Claims Collide with Final Judgments: Lessons from Spouses Sending v. Co Uy

The Supreme Court clarifies when indigenous customary laws apply in disputes and why final judgments cannot be overturned through belated IPRA claims.

Rape and Mental Capacity: Philippine Supreme Court Ruling on Criminal Liability

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies rape liability involving mental retardation, distinguishing statutory rape from rape of a person deprived of reason.

Insanity Defense in Philippine Law: When Mental Illness Excuses Criminal Liability

The Supreme Court clarifies when insanity exempts an accused from criminal liability under Article 12 of the Revised Penal Code.

Possession of Fake Currency in the Philippines: Knowledge and Intent Under Article 168

Philippine law punishes possession of counterfeit currency only when knowledge and intent to use are proven. The Supreme Court clarifies this in a recent ruling.

Serious Illegal Detention of Minors: What Philippine Law Says

Serious illegal detention of a minor is a grave crime in the Philippines. Learn the elements, penalties, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Understanding Rape Conviction in the Philippines: Consent Evidence and the Role of Co-Conspirators

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies rape conviction standards, consent evidence rules, and co-conspirator liability in criminal cases.