Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 121144 of 181 articles for final and executory

Motion for Reconsideration Before Sandiganbayan: No Hearing Required for Finality

A Sandiganbayan decision is not final until it properly resolves a motion for reconsideration—even if the motion was not set for hearing.

Compromise Agreements: Who Is Actually Bound by a Settlement?

A compromise agreement binds only its signatories. Learn how the Supreme Court protected a co-maker not named in the settlement.

Why the Dispositive Portion of a Final Judgment Controls in Philippine Courts

A final judgment is immutable. The dispositive portion, not the body, controls. Learn the rule from Florentino v. Rivera.

Execution Pending Appeal in the Philippines: When 'Good Reasons' Justify Immediate Judgment Enforcement

Learn when Philippine courts allow execution pending appeal, the 'good reasons' required under Rule 39, and key lessons from Bangkok Bank vs. Lee.

Delegation of Authority in Tax Assessments: When a Subordinate's Demand Letter Becomes Final

Learn when a demand letter from a BIR subordinate officer counts as the Commissioner's final decision on a protested tax assessment, and why timing matters.

Laches and Land Titles: When Delay Can Trump Ownership Rights in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on how procedural delay and res judicata can bar claims to land, even for alleged owners.

NLRC vs Regular Courts: Where to File Damages Claims in Dismissal Cases

Learn when illegal dismissal damages claims belong to the NLRC labor arbiter, not regular courts, under Article 217 of the Labor Code.

The Ripple Effect: How Prior Court Rulings Bind Future Cases Involving Similar Facts

A Supreme Court ruling on the Pepsi promotion. Although the petitioners were not parties to earlier lawsuits over the same contest, the Court held that their claims were barred by the doctrine of *sta

CBA Scholarship Benefits Resolving Ambiguities IN Favor OF Labor

Security agency loses bid to exempt receivables from garnishment; Court applies labor-friendly rule on execution exemptions.

Execution Pending Appeal: The Imperative of Good Reasons in Philippine Civil Procedure

Philippine courts grant execution pending appeal only for compelling reasons. Learn the rule, the exceptions, and practical takeaways.

When a Lawyer's Inaction Harms a Client's Case: Lessons from Rollon v. Naraval

A lawyer who accepts a case but does nothing—and keeps the client's money—faces suspension. The Supreme Court explains why.

Equitable Mortgage vs Pacto de Retro Sale: Property Rights in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court explains the difference between equitable mortgage and pacto de retro sale, and why mortgagees cannot simply consolidate ownership.

Perfecting Appeals: The Crucial Difference Between Single and Multiple Judgments in Philippine Law

Learn when a record on appeal is required in Philippine civil procedure, and why missing this step can cost you your appeal.

Prejudicial Question Resolving Conflicts Between Civil AND Criminal Actions IN Philippine Courts

When civil and criminal cases collide, Philippine courts apply the prejudicial question doctrine. Learn how this affects tenant-landlord disputes.

Paying Appellate Docket Fees on Time Is Mandatory for a Valid Appeal

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why paying appellate docket fees on time is mandatory, and what happens when an appeal is filed without them.

Lawyers Cannot Claim Ignorance of Basic Procedures to Abandon Client Obligations

Philippine Supreme Court rules a lawyer's claim of ignorance in filing a motion for reconsideration is no excuse for neglecting a client's case.

15-Day Deadline for Appealing HLURB Decisions to the Office of the President

Learn the strict 15-day appeal period for HLURB decisions to the Office of the President, as clarified by the Supreme Court in Maxima Realty.

Unlawful Detainer vs. Contract Rescission: Supreme Court Clarifies Jurisdictional Limits

The Supreme Court explains when an ejectment case is improper and why contract rescission belongs to the RTC, not the MTC.

Annulment of NLRC Judgments: Why the Court of Appeals Lacks Jurisdiction

Explore why the Court of Appeals cannot annul NLRC decisions and the risks of forum shopping in labor cases.

Forum Shopping and Mining Rights: Lessons from the Lepanto-WMC Dispute

The Supreme Court clarifies when overlapping claims before courts and administrative agencies constitute forum shopping in mining disputes.

Final Decisions Stand: The Immutability of NLRC Rulings in Illegal Dismissal Cases

A final and executory NLRC decision cannot be modified. Learn what this means for illegal dismissal claims and back wages.

Prescription of Penalties: Why Actual Imprisonment Matters in Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when prescription of penalties begins—only after a convict actually escapes from imprisonment.

Prescription of Penalties: Evasion of Sentence Requires Prior Imprisonment

Philippine Supreme Court ruling: prescription of penalty starts only when a convicted person escapes from actual imprisonment, not from hiding.

Upholding Ejectment: The Finality of Judgments and Timeliness in Appeals

The Supreme Court affirms ejectment, stressing that a late motion for reconsideration fails to stop a judgment from becoming final and executory.