Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 124 of 216 articles for damages

Passion and Obfuscation in Parricide: The Singcol Case and Limits of Self-Defense

The Supreme Court in People v. Singcol clarifies self-defense limits, passion and obfuscation as a mitigating circumstance, and treachery in murder.

Job Offer Accepted but Withdrawn Before Start Date: The Aragones Ruling on Perfected Employment Contracts

A job offer accepted is a perfected employment contract. Learn the Supreme Court's ruling in Aragones v. Alltech and what it means for employers and employees.

When Courts Must Defer to CIAC: The Limited Review of Construction Arbitral Awards

The Supreme Court clarifies the narrow grounds for overturning CIAC arbitral awards, reaffirming judicial restraint in construction disputes.

Double Sale in the Philippines: Good Faith and Due Diligence in Property Disputes

A buyer who fails to inspect the property before purchase cannot claim good faith in a double sale. The Supreme Court explains why.

Trafficking Conviction Upheld Despite Acquittal on Child Prostitution Charges

Supreme Court affirms trafficking conviction even where child prostitution charges fail for lack of proof of minority, clarifying key evidentiary rules.

Rape and Adoption: When Retroactive Laws Cannot Elevate a Conviction

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies why a 2012 rape involving an adopted child could not be elevated to qualified rape under a later law.

Unauthorized Foreshore Structures as Public Nuisance: Calimlim v. Goño

The Supreme Court rules that unauthorized structures on foreshore land constitute a public nuisance and must be removed.

Oral Share Sale Agreements in the Philippines: Enforceability and Remedies After Breach

Learn when oral agreements to sell shares are enforceable in the Philippines, and the remedies available when a seller backs out.

Contractor Licensing in the Philippines: PCAB vs. DTI Jurisdiction Explained

The Supreme Court clarifies that PCAB, not DTI, has jurisdiction over complaints against unlicensed contractors in the Philippines.

Solidary Liability in Construction Contracts: When LWUA Shares Responsibility

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when LWUA can be held solidarily liable with water districts for construction contract obligations.

Serious Misconduct and Employee Dismissal in the Philippines: What Employers Must Prove

Philippine law requires wrongful intent, not just a mistake, to dismiss an employee for serious misconduct. Learn what employers must prove.

Functional Immunity for International Organizations in the Philippines: The Westfall v. Locsin Guide

Learn how the Supreme Court's Westfall v. Locsin ruling defines functional immunity for international organization personnel in the Philippines.

Treachery in Philippine Criminal Law: Lessons from People v. Nelson Sia, Jr.

Understand treachery as a qualifying circumstance in murder under Philippine law, explained through the Supreme Court's ruling in People v. Nelson Sia, Jr.

Gym Liability in the Philippines: Negligence, Member Disclosure, and the Slimmers World Case

Who pays when a gym member suffers a medical emergency? The Supreme Court's Slimmers World ruling clarifies negligence, causation, and member responsibility.

Patent Infringement in the Philippines: How Claims Define Protection

Philippine patent infringement hinges on claim interpretation. The Supreme Court's Tuna Processors ruling clarifies direct and indirect infringement.

Estafa Acquittal: Why a Faulty Information Violates Due Process in the Philippines

A flawed information can lead to acquittal in estafa cases. Learn how the right to be informed shapes criminal due process in the Philippines.

Constructive Dismissal of OFWs: When Unbearable Work Conditions Amount to Illegal Termination

The Supreme Court clarifies when unbearable working conditions abroad amount to constructive dismissal of OFWs, entitling them to back wages and damages.

Civil Liability After Criminal Acquittal: What the Llonillo Case Means

Philippine law allows civil liability to survive a criminal acquittal. Learn the rules and the Supreme Court's ruling in Llonillo.

Medical Malpractice in the Philippines: Proving Negligence After Nuñez vs. Daz

When is a bad medical outcome negligence? The Supreme Court's Nuñez ruling clarifies the high burden of proof in Philippine malpractice cases.

Qualified Rape vs. Statutory Rape: Supreme Court Clarifies Child Sexual Abuse Law

The Supreme Court clarifies the proper legal designation for child sexual abuse cases, distinguishing qualified rape from statutory rape under Philippine law.

Independent Contractor vs. Employee: The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when a "freelancer" is really a regular employee under Philippine labor law, using the control test.

Alias Writs of Execution: When Can a Second Debt Collection Attempt Be Stopped?

Learn the rules on alias writs of execution in the Philippines, the limited grounds to oppose them, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.

Employer and Vehicle Owner Liability: Solidary vs. Vicarious Under Philippine Law

When a driver causes an accident, liability depends on presence. Learn the difference between solidary and vicarious liability.

Serious Illegal Detention of Minors: What Philippine Law Says

Serious illegal detention of a minor is a grave crime in the Philippines. Learn the elements, penalties, and key lessons from a recent Supreme Court ruling.