Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 21132136 of 5,746 articles for courts

Intent to Kill: Assessing the Elements of Frustrated Homicide in Philippine Law

How Philippine courts determine intent to kill in frustrated homicide cases, explained through a Supreme Court ruling on a scythe attack.

Prescription Period for Ordinance Violations: Filing the Complaint vs. the Information

When does prescription run for ordinance violations? The Supreme Court clarifies whether filing a complaint with the prosecutor interrupts the period.

Contract to Sell: Full Compliance Required Before Buyer Can Demand Deed of Sale

Philippine Supreme Court ruling clarifies that buyers under a contract to sell must fulfill all obligations—not just the purchase price—before demanding a deed of sale.

Voice Recognition as Positive Identification in Philippine Rape Cases

How voice recognition helped convict a rapist whose face was covered, and what this means for Philippine criminal law.

Doubt in Drug Cases: How Evidence Tampering Can Overturn a Conviction

When seized drugs weigh less at the lab than at inventory, reasonable doubt arises. The Supreme Court explains why.

Tax Exemption vs Assessment: Understanding Payment Under Protest in Real Property Tax Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that claiming tax exemption does not excuse payment under protest before appealing a real property tax assessment.

Judicial Independence: No CSC Clearance Required for Retiring Judiciary Employees

The Supreme Court rules that retiring judiciary employees need not secure CSC clearance for administrative cases, upholding judicial independence.

Local Government Authority vs Property Rights: Valid Ordinance Enforcement

Supreme Court clarifies when local ordinances are presumed valid and enforceable, balancing municipal authority against property rights claims.

Foreign Land Ownership: No Reimbursement for Unconstitutional Purchases

A foreigner who knowingly violates the constitutional ban on land ownership cannot recover the purchase price, even under equity or unjust enrichment claims.

Chain of Custody Safeguarding Drug Evidence and Ensuring Fair Trials

The Supreme Court clarifies that minor lapses in drug evidence handling do not automatically invalidate a conviction if the chain of custody remains intact.

CARP Exemption for Livestock Farms: Proof Must Be Exclusive and Timely

Landowners seeking CARP exemption for livestock raising must prove exclusive use as of June 15, 1988, not just belated claims.

Rape Conviction Upheld: Intimidation Overcomes Lack of Physical Resistance

Philippine Supreme Court rules that intimidation, not physical resistance, is key in rape cases, upholding a conviction based on a knife threat.

Secretary's Certificate as Proof of Corporate Authority in Philippine Litigation

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a secretary's certificate suffices to prove corporate authority to file pleadings, and the duties of plaintiffs in pre-trial.

Clarifying Final Judgments Ensuring TAX Refunds Reflect Court Intent

Learn how the Supreme Court clarified a final judgment's dispositive portion to include all tax refund cases, ensuring the court's true intent prevails.

Novation, Verification, and Real Party in Interest: Lessons from S.C. Megaworld v. Parada

Explaining when accepting third-party payments does not release the original debtor, and why procedural objections must be raised early.

Simulated Contracts Ownership Rights and Intent in Property Sales

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on simulated property sales, trust agreements, and ownership rights when intent is to circumvent banking laws.

Appellees Cannot Raise New Issues on Appeal: Cruz v. MIAA Explained

The Supreme Court clarifies that an appellee who did not appeal cannot raise new errors, limiting appellate review to the appellant's assigned errors.

Rape Conviction Affirmed: Force and Consent in Sexual Assault Cases

The Supreme Court affirms a rape conviction, clarifying that voluntary presence in a motel does not equal consent to sex.

When Insurance Exclusions Cover Damage But Not Loss: A Philippine Supreme Court Ruling

Philippine Supreme Court rules that "malicious damage" exclusion in insurance policies does not cover theft or loss of a vehicle.

Beyond the Document: When the Best Evidence Rule Doesn't Apply in Philippine Law

The Best Evidence Rule only applies when a document's terms are in issue—not its existence. Learn from a 2013 Supreme Court ruling.

Jurisdictional Thresholds in Collection Cases: Learning from Cabrera v. Francisco

How courts determine jurisdiction in collection cases, using the Supreme Court's ruling in Cabrera v. Francisco as a guide.

When Post-Employment Death Isn't Necessarily Non-Compensable: Establishing Causation in Seafarer Benefit Claim

A seafarer's death after repatriation may be compensable, but only with substantial evidence of work-related causation, not mere presumption.

Reconstitution of Lost Title: When Courts Can Restore Destroyed Land Records

Explaining the Supreme Court's ruling on judicial reconstitution of lost or destroyed land titles under Republic Act No. 26.

Moral Ascendancy in Rape Cases: Supreme Court Affirms Stepfather's Conviction

The Supreme Court affirms a stepfather's rape conviction, explaining moral ascendancy, victim-survivor credibility, and increased damages in G.R. No. 271812.