Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Finality of Judgments: Why Second Motions for Reconsideration Are Not Allowed in Philippine Courts

Philippine courts generally bar second motions for reconsideration. Learn the rule, its exceptions, and why finality matters.

Is Your Organization Subject to Government Audit? Understanding COA Jurisdiction in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies when Philippine government agencies may be audited by the Commission on Audit, and what this means for private organizations.

Double Jeopardy in Philippine Courts: When a Case Dismissal Is Not Final

Explaining the Supreme Court's ruling in Cerezo v. People on double jeopardy, valid case dismissals, and when courts may reopen criminal cases.

OFW Illegal Dismissal: Full Back Pay for Unexpired Contract After Yap v. Thenamaris

Learn how the Supreme Court awarded an OFW full salaries for the unexpired contract after illegal dismissal, applying the Serrano ruling.

Administrative Jurisdiction in the Philippines: Ombudsman, PAGC, and the CSC Appeal Route

A 2011 Supreme Court ruling clarifies concurrent jurisdiction among anti-graft bodies and why appeals must go to the CSC first.

Restrictive Custody vs Illegal Detention: Habeas Corpus in Philippine National Police Custody

Understand the difference between restrictive custody and illegal detention, and when habeas corpus applies in Philippine National Police custody cases.

Citizenship Disputes and Electoral Timelines: Gonzalez v. COMELEC on Disqualification Petitions

The Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between disqualification and cancellation of COC petitions, and the strict 25-day filing period under the election code.

The Fresh Period Rule for Appeals in Philippine Criminal Cases

Learn how the Supreme Court applied the fresh period rule to criminal appeals, giving accused persons a full 15 days from denial of post-judgment motions.

Acquittal in Rape Cases: Reasonable Doubt and Witness Credibility in Philippine Law

How inconsistent testimony and reasonable doubt led to an acquittal in People v. Bongat, a landmark Philippine rape case.

GSIS Pension Rights: Recovering Retirement Benefits After a Wrongful Denial

Learn how the Supreme Court protects government retirees' pension rights, even when GSIS initially approved benefits under the wrong law.

Illegal Strikes and Reinstatement: Balancing Rights and Responsibilities in Labor Disputes

Philippine law on illegal strikes and reinstatement: what workers and employers must know about protected concerted activity and its limits.

PAGCOR v. Fontana: Contracts Bind Government Agencies Too

Supreme Court rules PAGCOR must honor its casino MOA with Fontana, affirming that contracts bind government agencies.

Reassignment and RATA: When Government Employees Keep Their Allowance

The Supreme Court clarifies when a reassigned local government employee may continue receiving RATA, balancing administrative authority with employee rights.

Confessions to Barangay Peacekeepers Without Counsel Are Inadmissible Evidence

The Supreme Court rules that uncounselled confessions to bantay bayan members are inadmissible in evidence, but a rape conviction can still stand on other proof.

Deemed Approved Leave: What Happens When Government Agencies Ignore Leave Applications

When government agencies fail to act on leave applications within five working days, the leave is deemed approved. Learn the rules and protections.

Party Expulsions and Due Process: When Can a Political Party Remove Members

The Supreme Court clarifies that political party expulsions are internal matters, not subject to constitutional due process requirements.

Affinity Survives Death But Not Falsification: Estafa and Article 332

The Supreme Court rules on whether a son-in-law can invoke the Article 332 exemption from criminal liability for estafa after his wife's death.

Gender Equality in Retirement: Challenging Discriminatory Collective Bargaining Agreements

When can a flight attendant challenge a discriminatory retirement age in court? The Supreme Court clarifies jurisdiction over CBA provisions.

Warrantless Arrests When POT Sessions Justify Immediate Police Action IN THE Philippines

When can police act without a warrant? Philippine law and jurisprudence define the limits of warrantless arrests.

Habeas Corpus and Valid Court Judgments: When the Writ Is Denied in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when habeas corpus petitions are denied despite procedural leniency, emphasizing valid judgments and pending cases.

Prosecutors Discretion in the Philippines: When Courts Can Intervene

When can courts review a prosecutor's or the Ombudsman's decision? The Supreme Court explains the limits of judicial intervention.

Probationary Employment Security of Tenure and Due Process Rights in the Philippines

The Supreme Court clarifies that probationary employees in the civil service enjoy security of tenure and due process rights, and cannot be dismissed at will.

Appeal Memorandum Deadlines: Why Missing Them Can Cost Your Case

Missing the 15-day appeal memorandum deadline can end your appeal. Learn the strict rules and what the Supreme Court says about excuses.

Horse Racing Regulation: Philracom's Power to Ensure Fair and Safe Races

The Supreme Court upholds Philracom's authority to issue rules and directives for the horse racing industry, including measures to eradicate Equine Infectious Anemia.