Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Aug 10, 1999 labor law supervisory employees managerial employees certification election labor unions article 245

Supervisory Unions in the Philippines: Affiliation Rules and Managerial Employee Exclusions

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on supervisory union federation affiliation, managerial employee exclusions, and certification election rules under Article 245.

Aug 12, 1998 labor law supervisory employees union affiliation certification election article 245 right to self-organization

Supervisory and Rank-and-File Unions: Same Federation, Same Company, Allowed

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when supervisory and rank-and-file unions may affiliate with the same federation without violating Article 245.