Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 111 of 11 articles for commercial documents

When Can Employers Fire for Loss of Trust? Key Accounts Manager Case Explained

Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies dismissal of a Key Accounts Manager who falsified documents.

Prolonged Preliminary Investigation and Speedy Disposition: What the Supreme Court Said

A dismissed criminal case for failure to prosecute raises the question: when does delay violate the right to speedy disposition of cases?

Limits on Notarial Powers: Balancing Public Service and Official Duty

The Supreme Court clarifies when clerks of court may act as ex officio notaries and when they overstep their authority.

Sales Invoice Suffices for VAT Refund Claims: Disparity Between Goods and Services Eliminated

Supreme Court rules sales invoices can substantiate VAT refund claims for zero-rated services, not just official receipts.

When Falsified Encashment Slips Lead to Estafa: Lessons from People v. Domingo

The Supreme Court affirms a conviction for estafa through falsification of commercial documents, clarifying the elements and penalties involved.

Disbarment for Misusing Blank Checks: Dishonesty and Abuse of Authority

A lawyer who filled up borrowers' blank checks and filed baseless criminal cases was disbarred for gross misconduct and dishonesty.

When Courts May Remove a Special Estate Administrator: Discretion and Limits

Explaining when Philippine courts may remove a special estate administrator and the limits of judicial discretion in estate proceedings.

Personal Liability for Business Debts: Surety and Co-Maker Obligations in Philippine Loans

Learn when Philippine courts hold corporate officers personally liable as sureties or co-makers on business loans, based on a Supreme Court ruling.

Proving Loss of Filipino Citizenship in Election Disputes: The Matugas v. COMELEC Standard

What evidence proves a candidate lost Filipino citizenship? The Supreme Court's ruling in Matugas v. COMELEC sets the standard.

Personal Liability in Corporate Obligations When Signing Blurs the Line

When do corporate officers become personally liable for company debts? A Supreme Court ruling on trust receipts and letters of credit provides clear guidance.

Conspiracy and Circumstantial Evidence: When Is It Enough for Conviction

The Supreme Court clarifies when circumstantial evidence and conspiracy can—and cannot—support a criminal conviction beyond reasonable doubt.