Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Jul 26, 2016 edca constitutional law senate concurrence foreign military bases executive agreement visiting forces agreement

EDCA and Constitutional Limits: Senate Concurrence on Foreign Military Presence

The Supreme Court ruled EDCA is an executive agreement, not a treaty, so Senate concurrence is not required under the Constitution.

Apr 11, 2002 constitutional law visiting forces agreement mutual defense treaty balikatan foreign troops sovereignty

Limits on Foreign Troops in Domestic Conflicts: The Balikatan 02-1 Ruling

The Supreme Court ruled that foreign troops may train and assist but cannot engage in offensive combat on Philippine soil without constitutional authority.