Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 16 of 6 articles for penalty clause

When Government Transactions Can Be Disallowed: COA's Power Explained

The Supreme Court clarifies when COA may disallow government payments and when it oversteps its audit powers in this PhilHealth case.

Continuing Surety Agreements: When a Surety Is Liable for Another's Loan

Philippine Supreme Court explains continuing surety agreements and when a surety becomes liable for a principal debtor's obligations.

When Landlords Can Cut Utilities: Lessons from Barbasa v. Tuquero

Learn when a lessor may lawfully disconnect utilities under a lease's penalty clause without committing grave coercion.

Contractual Obligations and Third Party Rights in Property Lease Disputes

Supreme Court ruling on when lease penalties bind only contracting parties, not property owners who are third parties to the contract.

Trust Receipts Law Liability: When Agents Face Estafa Charges

Learn when corporate agents can face criminal liability for estafa under the Trust Receipts Law, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Ong v. Court of Appeals.

Interest on Penalties: The Limits of Compounding in Loan Obligations

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when interest may be charged on unpaid penalty charges in loan contracts, and when courts may reduce unconscionable penalties.