Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Feb 27, 2008 qualified rape criminal law evidence relationship proof revised penal code supreme court

Rape Conviction Hinges on Proof of Relationship, Not Just Testimony

Supreme Court rules relationship in qualified rape must be proven beyond reasonable doubt, not merely alleged or testified to.