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Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Jul 17, 2007 universal charge epira police power taxation erc electricity consumers

Universal Charge Under EPIRA: Balancing Regulatory Power and Consumer Protection

The Supreme Court upheld the EPIRA universal charge as a valid police power exaction, not a tax, and affirmed ERC's delegated authority.