Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 1–10 of 10 articles for “unlawful aggression”

Sort:Newest Oldest

May 6, 2025 criminal law mitigating circumstances self-defense treachery parricide revised penal code

Passion and Obfuscation in Parricide: The Singcol Case and Limits of Self-Defense

The Supreme Court in People v. Singcol clarifies self-defense limits, passion and obfuscation as a mitigating circumstance, and treachery in murder.

Feb 18, 2024 defense of relatives justifying circumstances revised penal code criminal law self-defense unlawful aggression

Defense of Relatives in the Philippines: When Is Killing Justified?

Philippine law allows killing to defend a relative, but strict conditions apply. Learn the rules from the Galorio case.

Jun 13, 2021 treachery murder self-defense criminal law revised penal code supreme court

Treachery vs. Abuse of Superior Strength: Key Ruling in Philippine Murder Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies how treachery absorbs abuse of superior strength in murder cases, and why self-defense claims fail against positive identification.

Mar 22, 2015 self-defense double jeopardy criminal law unlawful aggression acquittal philippine supreme court

Self-Defense and Double Jeopardy: Key Lessons from People v. De Leon

The Supreme Court's ruling in People v. De Leon clarifies the strict requirements for self-defense and the absolute protection against double jeopardy in Philippine criminal law.

Nov 18, 2004 self-defense criminal law burden of proof homicide unlawful aggression supreme court

Self-Defense in Homicide Cases: Proving Justification in the Philippines

When claiming self-defense in Philippine homicide cases, the accused bears the burden of proving all elements by clear and convincing evidence. Learn the rules.

Feb 11, 1998 defense of relative unlawful aggression self-defense revised penal code murder criminal law

Defense of a Relative in the Philippines: Proving Unlawful Aggression

Philippine law allows defense of a relative, but only if unlawful aggression is clearly proven. A Supreme Court case shows why.

Sep 29, 1996 treachery alevosia murder revised penal code criminal law supreme court

Treachery (Alevosia) in Philippine Murder Cases: The Apawan Ruling Explained

Learn how treachery (alevosia) qualifies a killing as murder under Philippine law, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in People vs. Apawan.

Sep 23, 1996 self-defense defense of relatives justifying circumstances revised penal code criminal law unlawful aggression

Self-Defense and Defense of Relatives in Philippine Law: Limits and Lessons from People v. Babor

When does self-defense fail in the Philippines? People v. Babor clarifies the limits of justifying circumstances, unlawful aggression, and reasonable force.

Jul 16, 1996 self-defense revised penal code criminal law unlawful aggression supreme court

Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Using Force Becomes Justifiable

Philippine law allows self-defense only under strict conditions. Learn the rules, the limits of proportionate force, and key lessons from a Supreme Court case.

Jul 4, 1996 self-defense unlawful aggression revised penal code criminal law people vs cabiles

Self-Defense in the Philippines: Unlawful Aggression and the Cabiles Case

Philippine self-defense law requires unlawful aggression, reasonable force, and no provocation. The Cabiles case shows how courts test these elements.