Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Mar 22, 2011 constitutional-law exclusive-franchise public-utilities water-districts pd-198 supreme-court

Exclusive Franchises and Public Utilities: Constitutional Limits in the Philippines

The Supreme Court struck down Section 47 of PD 198 as unconstitutional, reaffirming that exclusive franchises for public utilities are prohibited by the Constitution.