Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 217240 of 294 articles for computation

Retroactive Application of Procedural Rules Ensuring Fairness in Certiorari Filings

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on retroactive application of curative procedural rules for certiorari filings under Rule 65.

Tuition Fee Increases and Employee Benefits: Ensuring Fair Allocation of Incremental Proceeds

Philippine Supreme Court rules on how to compute incremental proceeds from tuition fee increases for employee benefits under RA 6728.

When Sheriffs Overstep: The Duty to Execute Judgments Strictly As Written

A sheriff's dismissal for dishonesty underscores the rule that execution must follow the judgment exactly—no more, no less.

Three-Term Limit for Local Officials: When an Election Loss Resets the Clock

Election loss interrupts an official's service and resets the three-term limit, as clarified by the Supreme Court in Adormeo v. COMELEC.

How Court Deadlines and Extensions Are Computed: The Luz Rule

The Supreme Court clarifies how extensions of time are counted in Philippine courts, and when liberal interpretation may save a late filing.

Loan Agreements: The Bank's Obligation to Release Funds and Consequences of Non-Compliance

When can a bank withhold loan proceeds? Philippine National Bank v. RBL Enterprises clarifies the rules on loan release, conditions precedent, and damages.

Retirement Benefits vs Separation Pay: Employee Rights in the Philippines

Philippine law distinguishes retirement benefits from separation pay. Learn the rules, when each applies, and what employees should know.

Retroactivity of Procedural Rules When Amended Laws Affect Pending Cases

When procedural rules change mid-case, retroactivity applies. Learn how the Supreme Court resolved this in Siena Realty.

Breach of Contract: When an Unperfected Sale Defines Liability in Property Agreements

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when an unaccepted offer creates no contract, and how equity cannot override positive law.

Freedom to Contract vs Equity: When Government Sales Require Perfected Agreements

Supreme Court rules equity cannot compel a government sale without a perfected contract, applying Civil Code principles.

Correcting Penalties in Drug Cases: Fair Application of Republic Act No. 7659

When a drug conviction carries an impossible penalty, the Supreme Court can correct it even after finality—here's how.

Compromise Agreements Upholding Obligations AND Equitable Relief IN Property Disputes

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on sale-leaseback arrangements, equitable mortgages, and deed of assignment effects on debtor obligations.

Sale and Leaseback as Disguised Loan: When Financial Leasing Is an Equitable Mortgage

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a sale and leaseback is a disguised loan secured by chattel mortgage, not a true financial lease.

When Contractors Overstate Work: COA's Audit Power and Quantum Meruit in Government Projects

The Supreme Court affirms COA's power to determine actual work accomplished and recover overpayments from government contractors under quantum meruit.

Surety Bonds, Deficiency Claims, and the Burden of Proof in Collection Suits

The Supreme Court clarifies when a demand for payment is valid and what evidence creditors must present to collect a deficiency after foreclosure.

Prescription of Penalties: Why Actual Imprisonment Matters in Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when prescription of penalties begins—only after a convict actually escapes from imprisonment.

Protecting Seafarers: Illegal Dismissal and Due Process Rights in Maritime Employment

When can a shipowner dismiss a Filipino seafarer? The Supreme Court clarifies just cause and due process rules for maritime employment.

Full Backwages for Illegally Dismissed Employees: Computation Until Finality of Judgment

Learn how the Supreme Court ruled that illegally dismissed employees are entitled to full backwages until the finality of judgment, not just until dismissal.

Eyewitness Testimony and Credibility in Murder Cases: The Noel Lee Case

How Philippine courts weigh eyewitness credibility, alibi, and treachery in murder convictions, explained through the Noel Lee case.

Reconstitution of Land Titles: Strict Compliance and Jurisdictional Requirements

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on reconstitution of land titles, emphasizing strict compliance with jurisdictional requirements under RA 26.

When a Final Judgment Limits Liability: Execution Cannot Add Interest

A writ of execution must strictly follow the final judgment. Adding interest not decreed by the court is void.

Execution of Judgment: Liability Limited to the Dispositive Portion of the Court Decision

A writ of execution must conform to the dispositive portion of a final judgment. Learn from Solidbank v. Court of Appeals.

Invalidation of BOI Manual of Operations Incentives for Registered Enterprises

Supreme Court voids BOI's unpublished manual that reduced tax credit incentives for registered export producers.

Priority in Litigation: Determining Which Case Prevails in Overlapping Contract Disputes

Learn how Philippine courts resolve overlapping contract disputes and which case prevails when judgments appear to conflict.