Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Altered Checks and Holder in Due Course Protection Under the Negotiable Instruments Law
Supreme Court ruling on drawee bank liability for altered checks and holder in due course protection under the Negotiable Instruments Law.
Bank Negligence and Fiduciary Duty in Handling Foreign Currency Deposits
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for negligence in handling foreign currency time deposit pretermination and fiduciary duty.
Cashier's Check as Bank's Primary Obligation: Holder in Due Course Rights
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on cashier's checks, holder in due course status, and bank liability explained in plain language.
Unendorsed Checks and Bank Liability: Depositor Rights in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on unendorsed checks, bank set-off rights, and depositor protection in banking disputes.
Drawee Bank Liability for Altered Checks: Material Alteration Under Philippine Law
When a drawee bank pays a materially altered check, it bears the loss. The Supreme Court explains why in Metrobank v. Cabilzo.
Altered Checks and Bank Liability: Material Alterations Under the Negotiable Instruments Law
Explaining when a check alteration is material under the NIL, and the liability of drawee banks for returning altered checks.
Banks' Duty of Care: Liability for Unauthorized Withdrawals and Moral Damages
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for unauthorized withdrawals, gross negligence, and awards of moral and exemplary damages.
When Banks Breach Fiduciary Duty: Liability for Unauthorized Withdrawals
Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for unauthorized withdrawals by employees, moral damages, and the fiduciary duty of banks to depositors.
Breach of Good Faith: Bank Liability in Check Disputes Under Article 19
When can a bank be liable for refusing to pay checks? The Supreme Court explains the abuse of rights principle under Article 19.
Forged Signatures and Bank Liability: Protecting Depositors in Check Transactions
When a bank pays out on a forged check, who bears the loss? The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on bank liability under Philippine law.
Bank Liability for Forged Checks: Protecting Depositor Rights Under Philippine Law
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for forged checks, depositor rights, and negligence in the banking relationship.
Bank Liability for Forged Checks: When Final Judgments Stand Firm
Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for forged checks, signature verification duties, and why depositors aren't estopped by bank statement notices.
Forged Documents and Ethical Boundaries: Attorney Accountability in Court Submissions
Supreme Court ruling on bank liability, damages, and the ethical duty of lawyers to verify documents before court submission.
Bank Liability and Misplaced Trust: Who Pays When Loan Payments Go Astray
When a bank forecloses on property later found to be fraudulently mortgaged, who bears the loss? This case explains the legal protection for innocent mortgagees.
Bank Liability for Unauthorized Withdrawals: Fiduciary Duty and Negligence
When a bank's negligence allows an impostor to withdraw funds, the bank may be liable. This case explains the rules on fiduciary duty and contributory negligence.
Bank Liability for Premature Foreclosure and Dishonored Deposits
When can a bank be liable for damages? The Supreme Court rules on premature foreclosure, dishonored checks, and bad faith.
Navigating Bank Liability Diligence Standards IN Foreign Exchange Transactions
Bank Liability in Foreign Exchange Transactions: The Reyes v. Far East Bank Standard
When are banks liable for dishonored foreign exchange drafts? The Supreme Court clarifies the diligence standard in Reyes v. Far East Bank.
Non-Negotiable Withdrawal Slips: Bank Liability for Delayed Dishonor Notices
When a bank delays notice of dishonor on non-negotiable withdrawal slips, is it liable for damages? The Supreme Court explains.
Check Fraud and Bank Liability: Lessons from Ford Philippines vs. Citibank and PCIBank
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for fraudulently negotiated checks, crossing, due diligence, and comparative negligence.
Bank Liability for Negligence in Protecting Depositors in Foreign Currency Transactions
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for negligence in foreign currency deposit withdrawals and the duty to protect depositors.