Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Upholding Integrity Accountability FOR Negligence IN Handling Court Documents
When fraud is alleged against a notarized deed, clear and convincing evidence is required. This case explains the burden of proof.
Self-Defense in Homicide Cases: Proving Justification in the Philippines
When claiming self-defense in Philippine homicide cases, the accused bears the burden of proving all elements by clear and convincing evidence. Learn the rules.
Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal: Employers Must Substantiate Theft Allegations
In illegal dismissal cases, employers bear the burden of proving just cause with clear and convincing evidence, not relying on weak employee defenses.
Self-Defense in Philippine Law: Clear and Convincing Evidence Required
Learn what Philippine courts require to prove self-defense, why unlawful aggression is indispensable, and how this 2003 ruling applies.
Treachery Despite Frontal Attack When Suddenness Negates Self Defense
Learn when a frontal attack can still be treacherous, and why claiming self-defense requires proving unlawful aggression with clear and convincing evidence.
Verbal Contracts in the Philippines: Are Oral Agreements Legally Binding?
Oral agreements can be legally binding in the Philippines, but proving them in court requires clear and convincing evidence. Learn the rules.
Torrens Title vs. Fraud: Protecting Land Ownership in the Philippines
Learn how the Torrens system protects land ownership in the Philippines and why proving fraud requires clear and convincing evidence, based on a landmark Supreme Court case.
Burden of Proof in Rape Cases: Why Clear and Convincing Evidence Matters in Philippine Courts
The Supreme Court acquits a rape accused when prosecution evidence fails to meet the required standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt.