Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 4972 of 180 articles for exemplary damages

Relaxation of Procedural Rules Ensures Substantial Justice Prevails Over Technicalities in Certiorari Petition

Supreme Court relaxes procedural rules to resolve merits of case involving memorial lot purchase, affirming RTC decision annulling contract.

Understanding Conspiracy and Homicide When Threats Turn Deadly

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies how circumstantial evidence can prove rape with homicide and why alibi often fails.

Recruiting Minors for Criminal Activities Is Trafficking Under Philippine Law

The Supreme Court rules that recruiting minors to commit robberies constitutes qualified trafficking in persons under the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act.

Impleading Indispensable Parties in Damages Claims: The PNCC v. Superlines Ruling

The Supreme Court clarifies when courts must implead indispensable parties in damages claims, applying the law of the case doctrine.

Condominium Dues and Utility Disconnection: What Unit Owners Must Know

The Supreme Court upheld a condominium association's right to disconnect utilities for unpaid dues, clarifying owner obligations under the Condominium Act.

Unlawful Restraint Establishing Intent in Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention

The Supreme Court explains how acts of clubbing, sacking, and carrying a victim establish the intent to deprive liberty under Article 267.

When a Knife Threat After Rape Does Not Qualify the Crime: People v. Tagle

The Supreme Court clarifies when the use of a deadly weapon qualifies rape to a graver penalty, and when it does not.

The High Cost of Homicide: Establishing Liability in Robbery With Homicide Cases

A look at how Philippine courts convict in robbery with homicide, from proving intent to the price of damages.

Overlapping Land Titles: Prior Certificate Prevails in Philippine Law

When two land titles cover the same property, the earlier certificate generally prevails. Learn the rule and its limits.

Loss of Trust and Confidence as Just Cause: Balancing Employer Rights and Due Process in Termination Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies when loss of trust and confidence justifies dismissal, and when employers still owe employees procedural due process.

Extraordinary Diligence: Carrier Liability for Misdelivered Goods

When a courier delivers to the wrong person, the shipment is legally "lost." The Supreme Court explains carrier liability and the limits of air waybill exemptions.

Self-Defense vs. Treachery: The Boundaries of Justifiable Homicide in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when self-defense fails and treachery qualifies a killing as murder under Philippine law.

Defense of Relatives and Unlawful Aggression in Philippine Criminal Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when defense of relatives justifies a killing and why unlawful aggression is its indispensable requirement.

Credible Testimony Alone Sufficient for Rape Conviction Despite Lack of Physical Evidence

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that a rape conviction can rest on credible victim testimony alone, even without medical or physical evidence of penetration.

Insanity Plea Under Scrutiny: The Fine Line Between Confusion and Criminal Responsibility

The Supreme Court clarifies when confusion amounts to insanity exempting an accused from criminal liability, and when it does not.

Proving Lost Earnings After Wrongful Death: Testimony Can Suffice, Says Supreme Court

The Supreme Court ruled that credible testimonial evidence alone can prove a deceased person's income for lost earning capacity damages.

Insanity Plea and Arson: When Killing Is Homicide, Not Murder, in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court explains the limits of the insanity defense, the proof needed for murder, and when arson is a separate crime.

Treachery Prevails Establishing Murder Without Evident Premeditation in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when treachery—not evident premeditation—qualifies a killing as murder under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code.

Qualified Rape: Moral Ascendancy as Substitute for Force in Step-Parent Abuse

Step-parent moral ascendancy can substitute for force in qualified rape, as shown in People v. De Guzman.

Eminent Domain and Just Compensation: Valuing Property at the Time of Taking

Explaining the Supreme Court ruling that just compensation for expropriated property is valued at the time of taking, not when the complaint is filed.

Protecting the Vulnerable: The Duty of Moral Ascendancy in Familial Rape Cases

How the Supreme Court affirmed a father's rape conviction, explaining why moral ascendancy replaces force in incestuous abuse.

Intellectual Disability and Witness Credibility in Philippine Rape Cases

The Supreme Court affirms that intellectual disability alone does not disqualify a rape victim from testifying, provided her account is coherent and consistent.

Defective Information Reduces Direct Assault Conviction to Homicide

A missing element in the information reduced a direct assault conviction to homicide, underscoring the constitutional right to be informed of charges.

When Forcible Abduction Is Absorbed by Rape: Key Ruling on Complex Crimes

The Supreme Court clarifies when forcible abduction with rape is actually simple rape, and explains the governing rules on victim testimony and damages.