Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 4955 of 55 articles for unconscionable

Interest on Penalties: The Limits of Compounding in Loan Obligations

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when interest may be charged on unpaid penalty charges in loan contracts, and when courts may reduce unconscionable penalties.

Unconscionable Penalties in Real Estate Contracts: Balancing Equity and Contractual Obligations

When a 3% monthly penalty on unpaid installments becomes unconscionable, Philippine courts may reduce it under Civil Code Articles 1229 and 2227.

Piece-Rate Workers Can Be Regular Employees: The Lambo v. NLRC Ruling

How the Supreme Court ruled that piece-rate tailors are regular employees entitled to full labor rights under Philippine law.

Retrenchment Rules in the Philippines: When Business Losses Justify Employee Dismissal

Learn the strict rules for valid retrenchment in the Philippines, including proof of serious losses, notice requirements, and quitclaim limits.

Leasehold Improvements: Lessee Rights and Obligations Under Philippine Law

Understand lessee rights to improvements under Article 1678 of the Civil Code, and why lessees are not builders in good faith.

When Is a Lawyer Liable for a Missed Appeal? Lessons from Sattar v. Lopez

The Supreme Court clarifies when a lawyer may be disciplined for a missed appeal, and when the client's own neglect is to blame.

Liquidated Damages in Lease Agreements: Enforceability and Practical Implications

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when liquidated damages in lease contracts are enforceable and how courts treat penalty clauses.