Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Self-Defense vs Murder: Proving Unlawful Aggression and Treachery in Philippine Homicide Cases
A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when self-defense fails, how treachery is proven, and why a murder conviction became homicide.
When Self Defense Fails Understanding Unlawful Aggression AND Proportionality IN Philippine LAW
Explore when self-defense fails in Philippine law through People v. Dayuha, examining unlawful aggression and proportionality requirements.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Killing in the Heat of the Moment Becomes Homicide
Understand when a killing in the Philippines is homicide, not murder, and why self-defense requires proof of unlawful aggression.
Self-Defense in Philippine Murder Cases: When Does It Hold Up?
Philippine law requires clear proof of unlawful aggression for self-defense to succeed in murder cases, as shown in People v. Meneque.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: Understanding the Requisites for Justifiable Homicide
Learn the three requisites for self-defense in Philippine law, who bears the burden of proof, and how courts test claims of unlawful aggression.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: Burden of Proof and Unlawful Aggression Explained
Understand the burden of proof in self-defense claims under Philippine law, plus key rules on unlawful aggression and rape evidence.
Self-Defense and Unlawful Aggression: The Limits of Justifiable Force in the Philippines
A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when self-defense applies, when it ends, and why unlawful aggression must be real and ongoing.
Self-Defense and Unlawful Aggression: The Boundaries of Justifiable Force
When does a person have the right to use force to defend oneself? The Supreme Court clarifies the limits of self-defense in People v. Gaviola.
When Self Defense Fails: Unlawful Aggression as a Prerequisite in Homicide Cases
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why self-defense fails when unlawful aggression ceases, using a police officer's homicide conviction as the key example.
Unlawful Aggression: The Cornerstone of Self-Defense in Philippine Criminal Law
Understand unlawful aggression, the indispensable element of self-defense in Philippine criminal law, as explained through Supreme Court jurisprudence.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Killing Is Justified and When It Is Not
Philippine law allows killing in self-defense, but the accused must prove unlawful aggression, reasonable means, and no provocation. Learn the rules.
Unlawful Aggression Is Key to Self-Defense Claims in Philippine Law
Understand why unlawful aggression is the foundation of self-defense in Philippine criminal law, explained through a Supreme Court ruling.
Unlawful Aggression: The Key to Self-Defense in Philippine Homicide Cases
Understand why unlawful aggression is essential for a self-defense claim in Philippine homicide cases, explained through a Supreme Court ruling.
When Self-Defense Fails: Unlawful Aggression in Philippine Law
Understand when self-defense and defense of relative fail under Philippine law, and why unlawful aggression is the key element.
Self Defense in the Philippines: When Can You Justifiably Use Force
Philippine law allows force only against unlawful aggression. Learn the limits from the Supreme Court's ruling in People v. Sabalones.
When Self Defense Becomes Homicide: Treachery and Unlawful Aggression in Philippine Law
The Supreme Court clarifies when a claim of self-defense fails and why a killing is homicide, not murder, absent treachery.
When IS Self Defense Valid IN THE Philippines Analyzing Intent AND Proportionality
Understand self-defense in Philippine law: when it applies, the requirements of unlawful aggression, and how courts weigh intent and proportionality.
Defense of a Relative in the Philippines: Proving Unlawful Aggression
Philippine law allows defense of a relative, but only if unlawful aggression is clearly proven. A Supreme Court case shows why.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Can You Legally Use Force?
Philippine law allows force only when unlawful aggression is real. Learn the three elements of self-defense and why claims often fail.
Self Defense in the Philippines: Understanding Unlawful Aggression and Reasonable Means
Learn how Philippine courts test self defense claims through unlawful aggression, reasonable means, and provocation, as shown in People v. Artiaga.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Can You Justifiably Use Force?
Philippine law allows force only against unlawful aggression. Learn the limits of self-defense and why alibi rarely works.
Self Defense Claims in Philippine Criminal Law: When Do They Hold Up
Philippine courts require unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity, and lack of provocation for self-defense. Learn from People v. Tobias.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: Proving Unlawful Aggression and Justifiable Force
The Supreme Court explains when self-defense succeeds in Philippine criminal law—and why it failed in People v. Cahindo.
Self-Defense in the Philippines: When Can You Legally Defend Yourself?
Learn the legal requirements for self-defense in the Philippines, including unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity, and lack of provocation.