Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 11531176 of 5,086 articles for courts

Defective Summons Nullifies Judgment Safeguarding Due Process in Annulment Cases

SC rules defective summons in annulment cases violates due process; petitions for annulment are actions in personam requiring proper service.

Just Compensation Under CARP: Balancing DAR Formulas and Fair Market Value

Supreme Court clarifies when courts may deviate from DAR valuation formulas in agrarian reform just compensation cases.

The Five-Year Rule on Execution of Judgments: Villareal v. MWSS Explained

Winning a case is only half the battle. Learn the five-year rule on executing judgments and why delay can void a writ.

Rape Conviction Affirmed: Victim Credibility and Corroborating Testimony in Sexual Assault Cases

Supreme Court affirms rape conviction, ruling that a minor victim's credible testimony, corroborated by medical evidence, suffices for conviction.

Challenging Forged Documents and Implied Admissions in Philippine Property Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when failure to respond to a request for admission does not result in implied admission, protecting property owners from forged documents.

Circumstantial Evidence and Conspiracy in Homicide Cases: Proving Guilt Beyond Reasonable Doubt

How Philippine courts use circumstantial evidence and conspiracy to establish guilt in homicide cases beyond reasonable doubt.

Reasonable Doubt Prevails: Circumstantial Evidence and the Burden of Proof in Rape Cases

A father's rape conviction was reversed when circumstantial evidence failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, reaffirming the prosecution's burden in criminal cases.

Treachery in Criminal Law: The Element of Surprise in Murder Convictions

A Supreme Court ruling explains how sudden, unexpected attacks constitute treachery in murder cases, and why evident premeditation requires more proof.

Supreme Court on Land Registration Decree Re-Issuance: No Prescription for Old Titles

The Supreme Court clarifies that land registration decrees do not prescribe, allowing re-issuance of old decrees and issuance of OCTs even decades later.

Chain of Custody in Drug Cases: Why Strict Compliance Is Required for Valid Convictions

The Supreme Court explains why strict adherence to Section 21 chain of custody rules is essential for valid drug convictions.

Contempt of Court for Ignoring Immediate Suspension Orders in the Legal Profession

The Supreme Court clarifies that lawyers must comply with suspension orders marked "effective immediately" upon receipt, or face contempt.

Chain of Custody Safeguarding Drug Evidence Integrity in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court acquits a drug suspect because police failed to justify deviations from Section 21, RA 9165, highlighting the importance of the chain of custody rule.

Defiance and Dismissal: Loss of Retirement Benefits for Striking Employees

When a pilot defied a return-to-work order, he lost his employment status and, ultimately, his retirement benefits. Here's why.

Wage Increases and Management Prerogative: Balancing CBA Terms and Business Discretion

When can an employer set hiring rates above CBA wage increases without causing wage distortion? The Supreme Court explains.

Finality of Labor Decisions: When a Seafarer's Dismissal Case Cannot Be Reopened

A seafarer's illegal dismissal case was reinstated because the employer failed to timely appeal. Learn why final judgments stick.

Late Evidence and the Judicial Affidavit Rule: Lara's Gift v. PNB General Insurers

The Supreme Court clarifies when trial courts may admit late evidence and supplemental judicial affidavits under the Judicial Affidavit Rule.

Treachery and the Sanctity of the Home: Defining Murder in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies treachery and dwelling in murder cases, ruling on a fatal stabbing inside the victim's home.

Supreme Court on Self-Defense and Treachery in Homicide Cases

The High Court clarifies when self-defense fails and why treachery cannot be presumed in killings.

Untimely Filing: The High Cost of Ignoring Procedural Rules in Philippine Courts

A bank's appeal was dismissed because its motion for reconsideration was served by private courier without proper proof. Learn the procedural rules.

Self-Defense Claims and the Limits of Justification: The Panerio Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when self-defense fails and why multiple wounds negate it, reducing murder to homicide.

Corporate Dissolution Directors As Trustees and Guarantor Liability After Corporate Revocation

Explains Reyes v. Bancom: corporate revocation doesn't abate suits, directors act as trustees, and guarantors remain liable.

Transnational Marital Infidelity and Psychological Violence: Jurisdiction Under R.A. 9262

Philippine courts can hear psychological violence cases under R.A. 9262 even if the illicit affair abroad caused the wife's anguish at home.

Just Compensation and Legal Interest in Expropriation: What Property Owners Should Know

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies interest rates on unpaid just compensation in expropriation cases, protecting property owners' rights.

Upholding Ethical Conduct: Disciplinary Action for Abuse of Court Processes

The Supreme Court suspends a lawyer for two years for dilatory tactics that delayed execution of a final judgment, violating the Lawyer's Oath and Code of Professional Responsibility.