Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 97120 of 125 articles for certification

Upholding Client Trust Attorney Suspended for Misappropriating Settlement Funds

Lawyer suspended six months for misappropriating client's P50,000 settlement funds, violating Canon 16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility.

Illegal Recruitment in Large Scale: When a Recruiter's Agent Still Faces Criminal Liability

Philippine Supreme Court explains when a recruiter's agent can be liable for illegal recruitment in large scale despite a licensed agency's SPA.

Employer-Employee Relationship and Illegal Dismissal: The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies the control test for employer-employee relationship and rules on illegal dismissal due to disease in Sy v. Court of Appeals.

Union Registration Validity and Challenges in Philippine Labor Context

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that a registered union's legal personality cannot be collaterally attacked in certification election cases.

Good Faith Prevails: Exoneration From Dishonesty Charges in Veteran Preference Claims

Philippine Supreme Court rules good faith and truthfulness defeat dishonesty charges in veteran preference claims, allowing reinstatement with back salaries.

Independent Civil Actions Under the Civil Code: No Reservation Needed, Even With a Pending Criminal Case

The Supreme Court clarifies that civil claims based on the Civil Code may proceed independently of criminal cases, with no prior reservation required.

Dismissal for Judicial Misconduct: Impartiality and Diligence in Granting Hospital Confinement

A judge's dismissal for granting hospital confinement without hearing shows why diligence and impartiality are non-negotiable in every judicial act.

Diplomatic Immunity for International Officials: When It Shields and When It Does Not

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that ADB staff immunity covers only official acts, not private crimes like slander.

Void Marriages and Inheritance Rights: Determining Legal Heirs in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on void marriages, death benefits, and who qualifies as legal heirs under the Family Code.

Invalid Promulgation of Judgment: When Philippine Courts Fail to Follow Procedure

Philippine Supreme Court explains what makes a valid promulgation in absentia and when the accused's right to appeal accrues.

When Can a Philippine Judge Act as Notary Public? Limits and Unauthorized Practice of Law

Philippine MTC judges may notarize only court-related documents, not private deeds. Learn the limits and penalties from a Supreme Court ruling.

Forum Shopping in Philippine Courts: The Quinsay Case and Why Multiple Lawsuits Backfire

Forum shopping—filing multiple suits for the same dispute—can get cases dismissed. Learn the rules from the Supreme Court's ruling in Quinsay.

Defective Verification and Forum Shopping Certification: Why Cases Get Dismissed in Philippine Courts

Learn how defective verification or certification against forum shopping can get a case dismissed in Philippine courts, based on Loquias v. Ombudsman.

When Judges Notarize: Limits on Ex Officio Notarial Powers in Property Cases

A judge's unauthorized notarization of a private property document leads to a fine, clarifying ex officio notarial limits.

When Can an Employer Terminate an OFW Due to Illness? The Medical Certificate Rule

Philippine law requires a medical certificate from a competent public health authority before an employer can validly terminate an OFW due to illness.

Breach of Contract in the Philippines: Rescission and the Risks of Buying Property with a Notice of Lis Penden

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on rescission, reciprocal obligations, and why a notice of lis pendens binds any buyer of disputed property.

Nationwide Reach of Replevin Writs: Jurisdiction and Enforcement in Philippine Courts

Philippine courts can enforce replevin writs nationwide. Learn how jurisdiction is determined and what it means for creditors and debtors.

Managerial vs. Supervisory Employees: Unionization Rights Under Philippine Labor Law

Learn how Philippine law distinguishes managerial from supervisory employees and why misclassification can block unionization rights.

Grave Slander in the Philippines: Lessons from Artajos v. Court of Appeals

Learn how Philippine law punishes grave slander, the elements prosecutors must prove, and key lessons from the Supreme Court's Artajos ruling.

Torrens Title vs. Acquisitive Prescription: Why Registered Land Prevails in the Philippines

A Torrens title defeats claims of ownership by long possession. Learn the Ramos v. Bautista ruling and how to protect registered land.

Service by Registered Mail in the Philippines: When Deadlines Start Ticking

Understand when service by registered mail is complete in Philippine courts, and how insufficient postal certifications can protect your right to due process.

Security of Tenure for Tenant Farmers: Upholding Leasehold Rights in the Philippines

The Supreme Court reaffirmed tenant farmers' security of tenure, ruling that land sale does not extinguish agricultural leasehold rights.

Public Land vs Private Ownership in the Philippines: Land Classification and Acquisition

Understand how Philippine law distinguishes public land from private property, and the rules on classification and acquisition.

Enrolled Bill Doctrine: Why Courts Respect Congress’s Certification of Laws

Explaining the enrolled bill doctrine through Arroyo v. De Venecia, which affirmed that courts respect Congress’s certification of duly enacted laws.