Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Unlawful Restraint THE Consummation OF Serious Illegal Detention Involving Female Victims
Consummation of Rape: Penetration, Force, and Legal Standards in Philippine Law
Philippine jurisprudence on rape requires proof of penetration and force or intimidation. This article explains the legal standards and practical implications.
Incestuous Rape Consummation and the Retroactive Effect of the Death Penalty Ban
Explaining when rape is consummated and how R.A. 9346 retroactively reduced death sentences to reclusion perpetua without parole.
Rape and Moral Ascendancy: Penetration Not Required for Consummation
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that full penetration is not required for consummated rape, especially when moral ascendancy substitutes for force.
Incestuous Rape: Consummation vs Attempt and Proving Carnal Knowledge Beyond Reasonable Doubt
The Supreme Court distinguishes consummated from attempted incestuous rape, stressing the prosecution's burden to prove carnal knowledge beyond reasonable doubt.
Attempted Drug Sale Proving Intent Over Consummation
Brokers Entitlement Procuring Cause VS Consummation OF Sale IN Real Estate Transactions
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when a real estate broker earns commission—procuring cause vs actual sale consummation.
Drug Sale Consummation Delivery Trumps Payment Under the Dangerous Drugs Act
In People v. Rodriguez, the Supreme Court ruled that delivery of illegal drugs completes a drug sale even without payment. Learn the rules.
Statutory Rape Penetration IS Required FOR Consummation Attempted Rape Defined
The Supreme Court clarifies that penetration, not mere touching, is required for consummated statutory rape, explaining attempted rape rules.
Rape Consummation and the Significance of Labial Penetration in Philippine Law
Philippine jurisprudence clarifies that full penetration is not required for rape; mere labial contact suffices for consummation.
Rape Conviction Upheld Despite Intact Hymen: The Role of Corroborating Testimony
Philippine Supreme Court affirms rape conviction even with intact hymen, explaining why full penetration is not required for consummation.