Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 1–10 of 10 articles for “mutuality”

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Nov 24, 2021 mutuality-of-contracts foreclosure interest-rates real-estate-mortgage banking-law philippine-loans

Mutuality of Contracts and Foreclosure Rights in Philippine Loans

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that void interest stipulations do not invalidate foreclosure when the principal debt remains unpaid.

Sep 15, 2021 banking interest rates loan agreements mutuality of contracts foreclosure civil law

Unilateral Interest Rate Hikes When Banks Overstep Their Bounds In Loan Agreements

Philippine Supreme Court rules on void unilateral interest rate hikes by banks, mutuality of contracts, and foreclosure validity.

Jan 20, 2020 employment contract breach of contract labor arbitration jurisdiction seafarer rights

Breach of Contract: Enforceability of Employment Contracts Absent Actual Deployment

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether a perfected employment contract binds parties even without actual deployment, and which court has jurisdiction over breach claims.

Jan 30, 2019 compromise agreement debt settlement civil law supreme court enforceability mutuality

Compromise Agreements Ensuring Mutuality AND Enforceability IN Debt Settlements

Philippine Supreme Court approves compromise agreement in debt settlement, highlighting mutual concessions and clear terms for enforceability.

Mar 15, 2017 labor-law union-registration cancellation labor-code jurisprudence supreme-court

Union Registration Misrepresentation Claims and the Limits of Cancellation Under the Labor Code

The Supreme Court clarifies that only grounds listed in Article 247 of the Labor Code justify cancellation of union registration, not lack of mutuality of interests.

Jul 2, 2014 mutuality of contracts interest rates banking law civil code loan agreements philippine national bank

Mutuality of Contracts: When Banks Cannot Unilaterally Raise Interest Rates

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on Silos v. PNB explains why unilateral interest rate hikes violate the mutuality principle in loan contracts.

Mar 2, 2006 lease renewal unlawful detainer civil code philippine real estate lessor rights lessee rights

Lease Renewal in the Philippines: What "Upon Agreement" Really Means

A lease "renewable upon agreement" requires mutual consent—no automatic renewal. Learn the rules from Josefa v. San Buenaventura.

Aug 20, 2004 civil procedure rule 42 court of appeals extension of time appeal deadlines procedural rules

Procedural Deadlines Matter: Why Second Extension Motions Can Sink Your Appeal

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on why a second motion for extension to file an appeal can be fatal, and what litigants must know about Rule 42 deadlines.

Jul 31, 2001 civil-law corporate-law foreclosure injunction real-estate-mortgage piercing-corporate-veil

PNB v. Ritrato Group: Suing the Wrong Party in Foreclosure Disputes

Learn why the Supreme Court dismissed an injunction suit against PNB, a mere attorney-in-fact, and how corporate veil piercing works.

Feb 19, 1997 labor law certification election supervisory employees labor unions toyota motor philippines philippine supreme court

Mixed Union Membership When Supervisors Cant Join Rank AND File Unions IN THE Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court explains why a union mixing rank-and-file and supervisory employees cannot file for certification election.