Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 114 of 14 articles for secondary evidence

Conjugal Property Presumptions: Protecting Separate Assets from a Spouse's Debts

Learn how the Supreme Court protects separate property from a spouse's debts and what evidence overcomes the conjugal presumption.

Winning the Lottery Without a Ticket: Contract Law and Games of Chance in the Philippines

The Supreme Court ruled that a damaged lotto ticket doesn't bar winning the jackpot if the bettor proves selecting the winning combination.

Proving Cargo Damage Claims: Evidence Rules and Res Ipsa Loquitur

The Supreme Court clarifies the evidence needed to prove cargo damage claims and when res ipsa loquitur applies.

Duplicate Originals as Evidence: When Photocopies Are Admissible in Philippine Courts

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when duplicate originals are admissible evidence, reversing the Court of Appeals' exclusion of invoices in a collection case.

Beyond the Document: When the Best Evidence Rule Doesn't Apply in Philippine Law

The Best Evidence Rule only applies when a document's terms are in issue—not its existence. Learn from a 2013 Supreme Court ruling.

Evidence Rules in Philippine Administrative Cases: The Atienza Case Explained

Administrative bodies in the Philippines follow relaxed evidence rules. Learn what Atienza v. Board of Medicine means for professionals facing administrative scrutiny.

Proving Land Ownership in the Philippines: Tax Declarations and Cadastral Surveys in Quieting Title Cases

Learn how tax declarations, cadastral surveys, and possession determine ownership in Philippine land disputes, based on a Supreme Court ruling.

Tax Declaration vs. Deed of Sale: Proving Land Ownership in the Philippines

A tax declaration annotation is not proof of land ownership. Learn what documents legally establish title under Philippine law.

Bank Liability for Forged Checks: When Final Judgments Stand Firm

Supreme Court ruling on bank liability for forged checks, signature verification duties, and why depositors aren't estopped by bank statement notices.

Proving a Lost Lease with Secondary Evidence and Ejectment Rights in Philippine Law

How Philippine courts allow secondary evidence to prove a lost lease contract, and when a lessor may eject a non-paying tenant.

Upholding Land Ownership Claims: The Importance of Evidentiary Proof in Reconveyance Disputes

A Supreme Court ruling on reconveyance underscores that ownership claims must be proven by clear evidence, not mere allegations.

Winning Your Case With Evidence Understanding Document Admissibility IN Philippine Courts

Learn how Philippine courts rule on document admissibility, authentication, and probative value from the W-Red Construction case.

Philippine Land Registration: Why Imperfect Titles Need Perfect Proof

A Supreme Court ruling on land registration shows why tax declarations and possession alone cannot confirm imperfect titles over public land.

Spanish Land Titles in the Philippines: P.D. 892 and Why They No Longer Prove Ownership

Spanish-era land titles lost their force under P.D. 892. Learn the registration deadline, the San Pedro ruling, and what evidence now counts.