Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Gross Negligence and Project Employment: Protecting Employee Rights Against Unjust Dismissal

Learn how the Supreme Court defined gross negligence and project employment in Belle Corporation v. Macasusi, protecting employees from unjust dismissal.

Defining Confidential Employees: Balancing Labor Rights and Management Prerogatives in Collective Bargaining

Supreme Court ruling on confidential employees in bargaining units and acting capacity pay, balancing labor rights with management prerogatives.

Pawnshop Liability Fortuitous Events Negligence AND Insurance Obligations IN Pledge Agreements

When a pawned item is lost to robbery, who bears the loss? The Supreme Court clarifies pawnshop liability, fortuitous events, and insurance duties.

Security Codes and Promo Prizes: Why 349 Crown Holders Lost in Court

The Supreme Court denied claims of 349 crown holders in the Pepsi number fever promo, ruling that the correct security code was indispensable to win.

Supervisory Employees and Overtime Pay: The Limits of Benefit Preservation in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when overtime pay is a preserved benefit for supervisory employees under Article 100 of the Labor Code.

Backwages in Illegal Dismissal: When the Employer’s Obligation Ends

Backwages in illegal dismissal accrue until actual reinstatement or payment of separation pay, per Mt. Carmel College v. Resuena.

Burden of Proof in Compensation Claims: Establishing Work Relatedness of Non-Occupational Diseases

Learn how the Supreme Court ruled on proving work-relatedness for non-occupational diseases in SSS compensation claims under PD 626.

Shared Intent Shared Liability Understanding Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law

Learn how conspiracy works in Philippine criminal law, when co-accused share liability, and what the Supreme Court says about proving a common design.

Clerk of Court Liability for Lost Evidence: Custody Duties Explained

When a clerk of court loses evidence in his custody, the Supreme Court clarifies administrative liability for unauthorized transfers.

Unauthorized Real Estate Mortgage: Strict Interpretation of Special Power of Attorney

When a special power of attorney fails to identify the exact property, a mortgage over it is unenforceable. The Supreme Court explains why banks must verify authority.

Security of Tenure: Defining Agricultural Tenancy in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies what makes a person an agricultural lessee entitled to security of tenure under Philippine agrarian laws.

Good Faith in Property Transactions: Protecting Innocent Purchasers Under the Torrens System

When a notarized special power of attorney turns out forged, who keeps the land? The Supreme Court explains good faith under the Torrens system.

Finality of Judgments: Why a Belated Appeal Cannot Revive a Case

The Supreme Court explains why a late motion for reconsideration makes a Court of Appeals decision final and executory, binding all parties.

Finality of Judgments: Untimely Motion for Reconsideration in Administrative Cases

An untimely motion for reconsideration makes a Court of Appeals decision final and executory, binding all parties in administrative cases.

Employee Dishonesty and Breach of Trust: When Is Dismissal Justified

Explore when Philippine courts uphold dismissal for employee dishonesty and breach of trust, and the due process requirements employers must satisfy.

Ballot Box Integrity is Key: Safeguarding Election Results in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on Rosal v. Comelec: ballots must be proven untampered before they can overturn election returns.

Lump Sum Land Sales: Boundaries vs. Area Under Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on land sales, tenancy, and why property boundaries matter more than area in lump sum transactions.

Fixed-Term Contracts in the Philippines: When Are They Valid? Caparoso v. Court of Appeals Explained

Understand when fixed-term employment contracts are valid in the Philippines, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Caparoso v. Court of Appeals.

Accrual Accounting and the All-Events Test: Deducting Business Expenses in Philippine Tax Law

When can a business deduct expenses under accrual accounting? The Supreme Court explains the all-events test in this Philippine tax case.

Moonlighting and Misconduct: When a Second Job Leads to Legal Trouble in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on loss of trust and confidence as just cause for dismissing managerial employees who engage in misconduct.

When a Security Guard Can Validly Receive Summons: The Robinson v. Miralles Doctrine

The Supreme Court ruled that substituted service of summons through a security guard can be valid when a defendant obstructs personal service.

Employer Liability for Security Guard Actions: Philippine Law Explained

When can a client be liable for a security guard's wrongful acts? The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on employer liability in the Philippines.

DOLE Philippines v. Esteva: Labor-Only Contracting and Regular Employment Rights

Supreme Court ruling on labor-only contracting, regular employment, and employer liability in DOLE Philippines v. Esteva (G.R. No. 161115).

Balancing Right to Work and Employer Prerogative: Absences and Termination

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when excessive absences justify dismissal, emphasizing proportional penalties and employer burden of proof.