Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Upholding Redemption Rights: The Validity of an Irrevocable Power of Attorney in Land Disputes

Supreme Court ruling on irrevocable power of attorney, land redemption, and compromise agreements in Philippine civil law.

Taming Unconscionable Interest: Reassessing Loan Obligations and Attorney's Fees in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies how courts temper unconscionable loan interest rates and when attorney's fees may be awarded in foreclosure cases.

Probable Cause and Graft Liability When a Governor's Request Shapes Public Bidding

Supreme Court ruling on graft liability of DPWH-ARMM officials for irregularities in infrastructure projects, including premature contractor mobilization.

Tenancy Rights vs. Co-Ownership: Proving Agricultural Tenancy in Land Disputes

The Supreme Court clarifies that tenancy is a legal relationship that must be proven by substantial evidence, not presumed from mere occupation.

Finality of Judgment vs Supervening Events: Computing Backwages and Separation Pay in Illegal Dismissal Cases

Learn how Philippine courts compute backwages and separation pay when reinstatement becomes impossible due to supervening events after judgment finality.

Defense of Relatives and Unlawful Aggression in Philippine Criminal Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when defense of relatives justifies a killing and why unlawful aggression is its indispensable requirement.

CBA vs Bank Policy: Protecting Workers' Rights Against Unilateral Loan Changes

Supreme Court rules banks cannot impose credit-check requirements on CBA salary loans without negotiating with the union first.

Earnest Money in a Contract to Sell: When Buyers Lose Their Deposit

The Supreme Court explains when earnest money in a contract to sell may be forfeited and when lessees may suspend rent under Article 1658.

Mining Rights Due Process Prevails Over Automatic Abandonment in Philippine Mining Law

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that mining claims cannot be automatically abandoned for failure to file work obligation reports; due process must first be observed.

Lawyer Suspended for Misappropriating Client Funds: Fiduciary Duty Breach

When a lawyer fails to return client money upon demand, the Supreme Court presumes misappropriation—a breach of fiduciary duty warranting suspension.

Late Evidence and the Judicial Affidavit Rule: Lara's Gift v. PNB General Insurers

The Supreme Court clarifies when trial courts may admit late evidence and supplemental judicial affidavits under the Judicial Affidavit Rule.

Sales Commissions Are Wages: Supreme Court Ruling on Unpaid Commissions and Unauthorized Deductions

Sales commissions are wages under Philippine law. Learn what the Supreme Court ruled on unpaid commissions and unauthorized car plan deductions.

Private Roads and Public Use: When a Local Ordinance Cannot Convert Private Property

A local ordinance cannot convert a private road into public property without donation, purchase, or expropriation. The Supreme Court explains.

Corporate Dissolution Directors As Trustees and Guarantor Liability After Corporate Revocation

Explains Reyes v. Bancom: corporate revocation doesn't abate suits, directors act as trustees, and guarantors remain liable.

Just Compensation and Legal Interest in Expropriation: What Property Owners Should Know

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies interest rates on unpaid just compensation in expropriation cases, protecting property owners' rights.

Proving Lost Earnings After Wrongful Death: Testimony Can Suffice, Says Supreme Court

The Supreme Court ruled that credible testimonial evidence alone can prove a deceased person's income for lost earning capacity damages.

PAGCOR Tax Landscape: Franchise Tax vs Income Tax Obligations Under Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies PAGCOR's tax liabilities: 5% franchise tax on gaming income, income tax on related services, and FBT obligations.

Counterclaims in Libel Cases: Compulsory vs Permissive Claims Under Philippine Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when counterclaims in libel suits are compulsory or permissive, and the procedural requirements that follow.

State's Right to Recover Public Funds: Prescription Does Not Run Against the Government

Supreme Court rules the government's right to recover illegally disbursed public funds does not prescribe, but limits COA's power over tax collection.

Quieting of Title: Banks Must Verify Ownership Before Accepting Untitled Land as Mortgage

A bank that fails to verify ownership of untitled land before accepting it as mortgage security loses the property. Learn the rules on quieting of title and due diligence.

When Court Employees Overstep: The Caoili Case on Judicial Misconduct

A clerk of court dismissed for grave misconduct after leaking an unsigned order, procuring lawyers, and receiving monthly payments from a litigant.

Land Registration: Proving Alienable and Disposable Status and Continuous Possession

When can long possession overcome the lack of a DENR certification in land registration cases? The Supreme Court explains.

Sheriffs Must Follow Execution Procedures Exactly or Face Administrative Liability

A sheriff who skipped the demand step before garnishing and levying property was suspended for simple misconduct by the Supreme Court.

Protecting Contractors: Quantum Meruit and COA Disallowances in Government Projects

Supreme Court clarifies when contractors may recover from void government contracts under quantum meruit, and the limits of COA's audit powers.