Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 25–33 of 33 articles for “consolidation”

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Apr 17, 2002 corporate law piercing the corporate veil corporation code philippine national bank civil law corporate liability

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When a Bank Isn't Liable for a Foreclosed Firm's Debts

PNB acquired PASUMIL's foreclosed assets but wasn't liable for its debts. The Supreme Court explains when corporate veil piercing applies.

Oct 8, 2001 foreclosure writ of possession bank liquidation redemption extrajudicial foreclosure civil procedure

Foreclosure and the Right to Possession: Protecting Bank Assets in Liquidation

A bank in liquidation can still seek a writ of possession over foreclosed property. Learn the rules on jurisdiction, intervention, and redemption.

Sep 10, 2001 indispensable party mortgagee rights annulment of judgment torrens title civil procedure due process

Mortgagee as Indispensable Party in Title Nullification Suits: Key Lessons

A mortgagee must be joined in suits to nullify a Torrens title; otherwise, the resulting judgment is void for lack of jurisdiction.

Oct 3, 2000 suretyship loan restructuring novation civil code guarantor rights security bank

Loan Restructuring and Surety Release: Key Protections for Guarantors in Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when loan restructuring releases a surety from liability, and what guarantors must know about their rights.

Oct 12, 1999 homestead redemption foreclosure public land act real estate law

Homestead Redemption After Foreclosure: The 5-Year Right Under the Public Land Act

Homesteaders have a five-year right to repurchase foreclosed land under the Public Land Act, even after a bank consolidates title.

Oct 6, 1999 equitable mortgage pacto de retro civil code property law foreclosure supreme court

Equitable Mortgage vs. Pacto de Retro Sale: When a "Sale" Is Really a Loan

Philippine courts look beyond contract labels. Learn how Articles 1602 and 1603 protect borrowers from disguised loans and unfair foreclosure.

Jul 21, 1997 public land act redemption foreclosure rural bank real estate law

Redemption Rights Under the Public Land Act: A Guide for Heirs and Mortgagors

Learn how the two-year redemption and five-year repurchase periods work for foreclosed Public Land Act properties, and what heirs should know.

Jul 7, 1997 right of repurchase pacto de retro real estate law dacion en pago civil code

Right of Repurchase in Philippine Real Estate: Pacto de Retro Rules Explained

Learn the rules on pacto de retro sales and the right of repurchase in Philippine real estate, including annotation duties and judicial requirements.

Jan 20, 1997 agrarian reform darab parad jurisdiction r.a. 6657 land dispute

DARAB Jurisdiction Explained: Filing Agrarian Disputes in the Philippines

Learn where to file agrarian disputes in the Philippines—DARAB vs. PARAD jurisdiction clarified under R.A. 6657 and the DARAB rules.