Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
Get a cited, plain-language answer from 184,000+ statutes and decisions — free, no sign-up.
Navigating Probationary Employment: When Does a Probationary Employee Become Regular in the Philippines
Understand Philippine probationary employment rules, including the six-month limit, evaluation requirements, and when a probationary employee becomes regular.
Probationary Employment Termination: When Failure to Evaluate Means Regular Status
Learn when a probationary employee becomes regular and how employers must prove valid termination under Philippine labor law.
When a Lawyer's Negligence Leads to Suspension: The Adecer v. Akut Case
A lawyer who misses the deadline for filing a client's petition for probation faces administrative liability, even if the client was also negligent.
Due Process for Probationary Employees Navigating Termination and Notice Requirements in Philippine Labor Law
Understand the due process rights of probationary employees in the Philippines, including termination rules, notice requirements, and legal remedies.
Probationary Employees and Due Process: Lessons from Philemploy v. Rodriguez
A look at the Supreme Court ruling on probationary employment, due process, and the payment of nominal damages for defective dismissal.
Regular Employment vs Redundancy: Protecting Employee Rights in Termination Cases
Understand when probationary employees become regular, what proves valid redundancy, and how the Supreme Court safeguards security of tenure.
Probationary Employment in Academia: Ateneo's Right to Set Standards for Faculty Retention
Explaining the Supreme Court ruling that universities may set their own standards for probationary faculty retention, and how the Manual of Regulations for Private Schools applies.
Probationary Employment and Employer Prerogative: When Clearance Requirements Justify Non-Regularization
Philippine Supreme Court ruling on probationary employment, employer prerogative, and reasonable pre-employment requirements for regularization.
Moral Turpitude and Public Service: How a Criminal Conviction Affects Government Employees
A Supreme Court ruling explains why a B.P. 22 conviction means dismissal for government employees, even with probation.
Probationary Employment Termination Requires Just Cause AND Due Process
Probationary employees enjoy security of tenure. Employers must prove just cause and observe due process when terminating them.
Probationary Employment: Just Cause and Due Process in Termination
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies rules on terminating probationary employees—just cause and due process requirements explained.
Double Jeopardy and Amendment of Information: Protecting Accused Rights After Conviction
Supreme Court rules on double jeopardy when prosecution tries to amend information after conviction and probation application.
Probationary Period vs Regular Employment: What Happens When Probation Expires
When a probationary employee completes six months, regularization follows automatically. Mitsubishi Motors v. CPLU explains the rules.
Breach of Trust Justifies Dismissal: Employers' Right to Terminate Probationary Employment
Supreme Court rules dishonesty and breach of trust justify terminating a probationary employee before the six-month period ends.
Probationary Employees and Security of Tenure: Illegal Dismissal Rules in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies probationary employees' security of tenure, illegal dismissal remedies, and backwages under the Labor Code.
Probationary Employment Due Process and Termination Standards in the Philippine Civil Service
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies probationary employee termination rules, due process requirements, and civil service tenure protections.
Probation vs Appeal: Understanding the Finality of Conviction in Philippine Law
Explaining the Supreme Court ruling that filing for probation waives the right to appeal and makes a conviction final under Philippine law.
Probationary Employment: Defining the Boundaries of Employer Discretion in the Philippines
Philippine Supreme Court clarifies probationary employment rules, six-month period computation, and abandonment of work in CALS Poultry v. Roco.
Waiver of Appeal: Probation Application Bars Subsequent Appeal Attempts
Filing for probation waives the right to appeal in Philippine criminal cases. The Supreme Court explains why in Vicoy v. People.
Finality of Judgment vs Double Jeopardy: When Can a Court Change Its Decision
A conviction becomes final once probation is applied for. A court cannot later amend the sentence without violating double jeopardy.
Prior Convictions and Probation Eligibility in the Philippines: The Pablo Doctrine
A prior conviction in a related case can bar probation under Philippine law. Learn the strict rule from Pablo v. Castillo.
Security Guard's Dismissal Ruled Illegal: Probationary Status and Sister Companies Explained
A security guard absorbed by a sister company becomes a regular employee; first-offense infractions cannot justify dismissal.
Why Illegal Dismissal Cases Belong in Labor Courts: A Guide to Jurisdiction
Learn why illegal dismissal cases belong in labor courts and how the Supreme Court protects probationary employees' security of tenure.
Probation Denied: Why Evading Civil Liability in the Philippines Can Cost You Your Freedom
Philippine Supreme Court ruling: evading civil liability after conviction can disqualify you from probation and lead to imprisonment.