Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

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Equitable Mortgage vs Absolute Sale: Protecting Borrowers in Financial Distress

When is a deed of absolute sale really a mortgage? The Supreme Court explains how courts protect borrowers who sign sale documents under financial pressure.

Fighting Eviction: Why Exhausting Administrative Remedies Is Your First Step in Philippine Property Disputes

Learn from Zabat v. Court of Appeals: why exhausting administrative remedies before suing in court is crucial in Philippine property disputes.

Rescission of Contract to Sell: Your Rights to Refunds and Interest in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on contract to sell rescission clarifies buyer's right to refund of installments and interest payments.

Extrajudicial Rescission of Lease Agreements: A Guide for Philippine Landlords and Tenants

Learn how extrajudicial rescission of lease contracts works in the Philippines, including legal grounds, notice requirements, and practical tips for landlords and tenants.

Trust Receipts and Estafa in the Philippines: Understanding Liability and Compliance

Learn how the Supreme Court clarified trust receipt violations, estafa liability, and probable cause in Metrobank v. Tonda.

Prior Convictions and Probation Eligibility in the Philippines: The Pablo Doctrine

A prior conviction in a related case can bar probation under Philippine law. Learn the strict rule from Pablo v. Castillo.

Earnest Money Isn't a Done Deal: Why Payment Terms Perfect a Contract of Sale in the Philippines

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that earnest money alone doesn't perfect a sale when payment terms remain unsettled. Learn the rules.

Collective Liability and Conspiracy in Criminal Actions: People v. Aquino

When does mere presence or participation in a transaction amount to criminal conspiracy? The Supreme Court clarifies in People v. Aquino.

Deceptive Check Issuance and Fraud in Estafa Cases Involving Postdated Checks

When does issuing a postdated check become estafa? The Supreme Court explains the crucial role of deceit in People v. Panganiban.

Pollution Adjudication Board Jurisdiction: Balancing Environmental Protection and Mining Regulations

The Supreme Court clarifies that the Pollution Adjudication Board retains jurisdiction over pollution cases involving mining operations, despite the Philippine Mining Act of 1995.

Attorneys Fees and Simulated Sales: Protecting Lawyers' Rights in the Philippines

A lawyer's right to collect contingent fees can extend to challenging simulated sales that defeat payment, as the Supreme Court ruled in Alberto v. Court of Appeals.

Expropriation in the Philippines: When Can Land Be Sold During Proceedings

Learn when landowners can still sell property during expropriation proceedings and who gets just compensation, based on a Philippine Supreme Court ruling.

Contract of Sale vs Contract to Sell: Key Differences and Legal Implications

Philippine Supreme Court explains the difference between a contract of sale and a contract to sell, and why the distinction matters in real estate disputes.

Verbal Contracts in the Philippines: Why Written Agreements Win in Court

Verbal contracts are valid in the Philippines but hard to prove. Learn from Romago v. Court of Appeals why written agreements prevail.

When a Franchise Expires: Object of Sale and Royalty Fees Under Philippine Law

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether royalty fees continue when the assigned franchise right expires, interpreting contract intent.

Royalty Payments After Franchise Expiration: When the Assigned Right Ceases

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on whether royalty fees continue after the underlying franchise agreement expires and the assigned right ceases to exist.

Defining Jurisdiction: Courts vs Energy Regulatory Board in Overcharging Disputes

Supreme Court clarifies that regular courts, not the ERB, hear disputes over electric overcharging and recovery of sums.

Union Dues and Attorney's Fees: Protecting Employee Rights in Collective Bargaining

The Supreme Court clarifies when attorney's fees can be charged to union members and the strict rules on check-off deductions.

Service of Summons on Corporations: Due Process and Jurisdictional Validity

When is service of summons on a corporation valid? The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on proper service, substantial compliance, and jurisdiction.

Unilateral Rescission Limits in Philippine Contract Law: PNCC v. Mars Construction

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on unilateral rescission, contract interpretation, and damages in PNCC v. Mars Construction (G.R. No. 133909).

Wage Order Obligations: Contractor and Principal Liability in Security Service Agreements

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies when security agencies can recover wage order increases from principals under solidary liability rules.

When a "Sale" Is Really an Equitable Mortgage: Lessons from Aguirre v. Tupas

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when a deed of absolute sale is presumed an equitable mortgage under the Civil Code.

Store Owner Liability for Customer Safety: Lessons from the Jarco Marketing Case

When a defective store fixture injures a customer, who pays? The Jarco case clarifies premises liability and negligence rules in the Philippines.

Reformation of Contracts in the Philippines: Navigating Unforeseen Events and Economic Shifts

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on contract reformation, fortuitous events, and extraordinary inflation in lease agreements. Learn key legal principles.