Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 12491272 of 1,295 articles for cir

Shared Guilt Establishing Conspiracy in Robbery With Homicide Under Philippine Law

When does a getaway accomplice become liable for murder? Philippine law on conspiracy in robbery with homicide explained through a Supreme Court ruling.

Laches and Prescription in Land Cases: What the Supreme Court Said in Españo v. Court of Appeals

The Supreme Court explains why laches and prescription are factual defenses that usually require full trial, not summary dismissal.

Death Penalty in the Philippines: Compelling Reasons and Heinous Crimes

The Supreme Court clarifies when the death penalty applies for heinous crimes and why reclusion perpetua remains an indivisible penalty under Philippine law.

Reclusion Perpetua in Philippine Law: Why It Remains an Indivisible Penalty

The Supreme Court clarifies that reclusion perpetua remains an indivisible penalty despite RA 7659, explaining its true duration and application in drug cases.

Passion Provocation and Criminal Liability: Understanding Homicide in the Philippines

When does anger mitigate a killing? The Supreme Court explains passion or obfuscation, treachery, and homicide in People v. Valles.

Psychological Incapacity as Grounds for Annulment in the Philippines

Explore how Philippine courts apply psychological incapacity in annulment cases, using the landmark Chi Ming Tsoi ruling.

Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies: When Can You Skip the Line to Court?

Learn when the exhaustion rule applies, its exceptions, and why a replevin suit failed against DENR forfeiture.

Why Delayed Election Protests Violate Judicial Duty: Lessons from A.M. No. MTJ-95-1033

A judge's 19-month delay in resolving a barangay election protest was ruled gross inefficiency. Learn the mandatory deadlines and standards.

Conspiracy in Philippine Criminal Law: How Joint Criminal Liability Is Established

Explaining how Philippine courts infer conspiracy from concerted acts, using the 1996 case of People v. Villanueva and Durana.

Juvenile Justice Understanding Mitigation AND Criminal Liability IN THE Philippines

How Philippine courts treat juvenile offenders, minority as mitigating circumstance, and criminal liability under the law.

Affidavits of Desistance and Witness Recantations: Their Limited Impact on Philippine Criminal Cases

Philippine courts view affidavits of desistance and witness recantations with disfavor. Learn why from People v. Ballabare.

Successor Liability in Philippine Labor Law: When New Owners Inherit Labor Obligations

Learn when a successor company inherits a predecessor's labor obligations under Philippine law, based on the Caliguia ruling.

Negligence Trumps Fortuitous Events: Service Shops Must Insure Customer Vehicles

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when a service shop's failure to insure customer property makes it liable for loss by fire, even if the fire is a fortuitous event.

Treachery in Philippine Criminal Law: Sudden Attacks and Intent

The Supreme Court explains when a sudden, unexpected attack qualifies as treachery, aggravating a killing to murder under Philippine law.

Treachery (Alevosia) in Philippine Murder Cases: The Apawan Ruling Explained

Learn how treachery (alevosia) qualifies a killing as murder under Philippine law, based on the Supreme Court's ruling in People vs. Apawan.

Conspiracy and Circumstantial Evidence: When Is It Enough for Conviction

The Supreme Court clarifies when circumstantial evidence and conspiracy can—and cannot—support a criminal conviction beyond reasonable doubt.

Employee Transfers: Understanding Employer Rights and Limits in the Philippines

Learn the rules on employee transfers in the Philippines—when employers can validly transfer workers and what limits the law imposes.

Self-Defense and Defense of Relatives in Philippine Law: Limits and Lessons from People v. Babor

When does self-defense fail in the Philippines? People v. Babor clarifies the limits of justifying circumstances, unlawful aggression, and reasonable force.

Liability for Damage to Stored Goods: Negligence and Interest Rates Explained

A warehouse operator's negligence can mean paying for damaged goods. Learn the rules on liability and the correct interest rates.

Consent and Rape: Understanding the Nuances of Sexual Assault in the Philippines

The Bawar case shows how Philippine courts weigh consent, credibility, and behavior in rape cases—crucial for understanding sexual assault law.

When Silence Speaks Volumes: Eyewitness Testimony and Credibility in Philippine Murder Cases

The Supreme Court affirms murder convictions based on a lone eyewitness's testimony, explaining why silence during a crime does not destroy credibility.

Treachery in Philippine Law: How a Deceptive Attack Elevates Homicide to Murder

Learn how treachery turns homicide into murder under Philippine law, explained through the Supreme Court's ruling in People v. Fabrigas.

Homicide vs Murder: Intent and Aggravating Circumstances in Philippine Law

The Supreme Court explains when a killing is homicide, not murder, and how aggravating circumstances affect the penalty.

Appeal Bonds in Philippine Labor Cases: When Can They Be Reduced

Learn when Philippine courts may reduce appeal bonds in labor cases, the rules on perfecting appeals, and practical tips for compliance.