Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 193216 of 1,201 articles for pea

When Counsel's Negligence Costs the Appeal: Lessons from Dimaandal v. Ilagan

A client is bound by counsel's mistakes unless gross negligence deprives them of due process. The Supreme Court explains the rule.

The Limits of Appellate Courts Introducing New Evidence on Appeal in Philippine Law

Philippine appellate courts generally cannot receive new evidence on appeal; review is limited to the trial record. This article explains the rule.

Peace Agreements and Premature Constitutional Challenges: Why Courts Wait for Implementing Laws

The Supreme Court dismissed challenges to the Bangsamoro peace agreements as premature, explaining why courts wait for implementing laws before ruling on constitutionality.

Perfecting Appeals in Election Protests: Payment Deadlines and Damage Awards

Supreme Court clarifies COMELEC appeal fee deadlines under Resolution 8486 and limits damages in election protests to actual or compensatory damages.

Striking a Balance When Justice Outweighs Procedural Technicalities in Criminal Appeals

The Supreme Court acquits a drug suspect when police breaches of Section 21, RA 9165 compromise the integrity of seized evidence.

Real Property Tax Disputes: Why Payment Under Protest Is a Mandatory First Step

Philippine Supreme Court clarifies that payment under protest is mandatory before appealing real property tax assessments, even when claiming tax exemption.

Death of Accused Pending Appeal Extinguishes Criminal Liability: People v. Layag

The Supreme Court explains how an accused's death before final conviction extinguishes criminal liability and what happens to civil claims.

Upholding Procedural Rules: The Supreme Court on Proper Appeals in Legal Questions

The Supreme Court clarifies the rules on appeals, emphasizing that only questions of law may be raised in a petition for review on certiorari.

Upholding Notarial Duties Negligence AND Misrepresentation IN Legal Practice

A lawyer's failure to secure notarial paraphernalia and unauthorized court appearances lead to suspension and notarial disqualification.

Reinstatement Rights Employers Duty to Reinstate Despite Appeal

Labor Arbiter reinstatement orders are immediately executory. Employers must reinstate or pay wages even while appealing.

Reinstatement Orders Are Immediately Executory: What Employers Must Know

A dismissed employee must be reinstated even while appeal is pending; failure to do so means paying accrued wages.

Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies: Appealing MARINA Decisions to the Office of the President

When must MARINA decisions be appealed to the Office of the President before going to court? The Supreme Court clarifies the rule.

Judicial Clarity Required: Nullifying Decisions Without Factual and Legal Basis

The Supreme Court affirms that decisions lacking clear factual and legal bases are void, upholding the Court of Appeals' nullification of a trial court ruling.

Upholding Notarial Integrity: Personal Appearance Is Mandatory for Notaries

A notary who notarizes affidavits without the affiants' personal appearance faces suspension from law practice and loss of notarial commission.

Appeal Dismissed Understanding Questions OF LAW VS Questions OF Fact IN Summary Judgments

The Supreme Court clarifies the distinction between questions of law and fact in appeals from summary judgments, and the proper remedy.

Wrong Appeal Mode in Agrarian Cases: When Procedural Lapses Prove Fatal

The Supreme Court clarifies that appeals from agrarian courts must use Rule 42 petitions, not ordinary appeals, or the decision becomes final.

Untimely Appeal: The High Cost of Missed Deadlines in Labor Disputes

A missed 15-day deadline to appeal a Court of Appeals ruling proved fatal for an employer, showing why procedural rules matter.

When Counsel's Negligence Binds the Client: Appeals to the Commission on Audit

The Supreme Court clarifies that a client is bound by counsel's negligence in COA appeals, absent diligent follow-up.

Tax Suspension Bonds: When the CTA Must Hear the Taxpayer First

The Supreme Court clarifies when the Court of Tax Appeals may require a bond to suspend tax collection, and why a preliminary hearing is essential.

Forum Shopping: Simultaneous Appeal and Annulment of Judgment Constitutes Abuse

Philippine Supreme Court rules that pursuing an appeal and a petition for annulment of judgment simultaneously constitutes forum shopping and may warrant contempt.

Heirs Discord Upholding Partition Rights In Estate Disputes

The Supreme Court affirms that no co-heir may be forced to remain in co-ownership, and explains strict rules on appeals.

Who Represents the People? The Solicitor General's Exclusive Authority in Criminal Appeals

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies that only the Office of the Solicitor General may appeal criminal cases, not private complainants.

Determining Good Faith Remand FOR Trial ON Property Ownership Disputes

When can the Supreme Court remand a property dispute for trial? Learn from Toledo v. Court of Appeals on good faith buyers.

Untimely Appeal: When Delays in Filing Cost Levi's Its Trademark Protection

The Supreme Court rules that failing to perfect a timely appeal to the Court of Appeals is jurisdictional, costing Levi Strauss its TAB DEVICE trademark.