Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 18 of 8 articles for four-fold test

Independent Contractor vs. Employee: The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court clarifies when a "freelancer" is really a regular employee under Philippine labor law, using the control test.

Constructive Dismissal vs. Voluntary Resignation: Key Lessons from ABS-CBN v. Magno

The Supreme Court clarifies the burden of proof in constructive dismissal claims and the fine line between forced and voluntary resignation.

Employee vs. Independent Contractor in Real Estate: The Four-Fold Test Explained

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when real estate sales agents are employees or independent contractors, and why the distinction matters.

The Four-Fold Test in Philippine Labor Law: A Guide to Employment Status

Learn how the four-fold test determines employee status in the Philippines, with insights from a landmark Supreme Court ruling.

Piercing the Corporate Veil: When Parent Companies Face Liability for Labor Violations

Philippine Supreme Court ruling on when parent companies can be held liable for subsidiaries' labor violations, explained for employees and businesses.

Employee vs. Independent Contractor: The Four-Fold Test Under Philippine Law

The Supreme Court's ruling in Corporal v. NLRC clarifies when workers are true employees, not independent contractors, under Philippine labor law.

Employee vs. Independent Contractor: The Four-Fold Test Under Philippine Law

Philippine courts use the four-fold test to distinguish employees from independent contractors. Control is the key factor.

Volunteer or Employee? The Control Test in Philippine Labor Law

Learn how the control test determines employee status in the Philippines, using the landmark Filipinas Broadcasting v. NLRC case.