Legal Insights
Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.
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Promissory Note Alterations Raised for First Time on Appeal Not Considered
Supreme Court rules that a defense of material alteration of a promissory note cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.
Understanding Suretyship: When Can a Surety Be Released From Liability
The Supreme Court clarifies when a surety may be released from liability and when material alterations to the principal contract do not extinguish the bond.
Drawee Bank Liability for Altered Checks: Material Alteration Under Philippine Law
When a drawee bank pays a materially altered check, it bears the loss. The Supreme Court explains why in Metrobank v. Cabilzo.
Altered Checks and Bank Liability: Material Alterations Under the Negotiable Instruments Law
Explaining when a check alteration is material under the NIL, and the liability of drawee banks for returning altered checks.