Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 113 of 13 articles for medical certificate

Seafarer Disability Benefits: When a Late or Vague Medical Assessment Means Automatic Total Disability

A Supreme Court ruling clarifies when a company-designated physician's incomplete or late medical assessment entitles a seafarer to permanent total disability benefits.

Proving Causation in Homicide Cases: The Role of Medical Evidence in the Philippines

Philippine homicide cases require proof beyond reasonable doubt that the accused's actions caused death. Learn how the Supreme Court treats medical evidence and pre-existing conditions.

Psychological Incapacity After Tan-Andal: The Laroco Ruling Explained

Understand how the Supreme Court's Laroco ruling applies the Tan-Andal framework on psychological incapacity, shifting focus to mutual incompatibility.

Naturalization in the Philippines: Strict Compliance Required, Even for Refugees

Philippine naturalization demands strict compliance with all legal requirements, as shown by a recent Supreme Court ruling denying a refugee's citizenship application.

Unauthorized Absences and Dismissal: The Medical Certificate Requirement in Philippine Labor Law

The Supreme Court upheld a dismissal for unauthorized absences, ruling that a vague medical certificate cannot excuse habitual absenteeism.

Loafing in the Workplace: Philippine Law, Penalties, and the Fortaleza Case

Learn what constitutes loafing under Philippine law, its penalties for government employees, and key lessons from a Supreme Court ruling.

Deemed Approved Leave: What Happens When Government Agencies Ignore Leave Applications

When government agencies fail to act on leave applications within five working days, the leave is deemed approved. Learn the rules and protections.

Medical Certificate Authentication: Proving Physical Injuries in Philippine Courts

Learn how Philippine courts treat medical certificates as evidence, why authentication matters, and what Postanes v. People teaches litigants.

Serious Physical Injuries in the Philippines: The Pilares Case Explained

Understand serious physical injuries under Philippine law through the Pilares case, including penalties, evidence, and self-defense considerations.

Contradictory Testimony and Witness Credibility in Philippine Criminal Cases

How inconsistent witness testimony can create reasonable doubt and lead to acquittal in Philippine criminal cases, as shown in People vs. Hernani.

When Can an Employer Terminate an OFW Due to Illness? The Medical Certificate Rule

Philippine law requires a medical certificate from a competent public health authority before an employer can validly terminate an OFW due to illness.

Fishermen Are Not Field Personnel: Service Incentive Leave for Sea-Based Workers

Supreme Court ruling clarifies that supervised fishermen are not "field personnel" and are entitled to service incentive leave under Philippine law.

Habitual Absenteeism of Government Employees: Penalties and Lessons from a Supreme Court Ruling

Habitual absenteeism is a grave offense for Philippine government employees. Learn the rules, penalties, and key lessons from a landmark Supreme Court case.