Legal Insights

Plain-language guides and case briefs on Philippine law — researched from the firm's law library of 184,000+ statutes, Supreme Court decisions, and agency issuances, and written so non-lawyers can understand and act on them.

Showing 124 of 47 articles for witness testimony

Conjugal Property Presumptions: Protecting Separate Assets from a Spouse's Debts

Learn how the Supreme Court protects separate property from a spouse's debts and what evidence overcomes the conjugal presumption.

Defense of Relatives in the Philippines: When Is Killing Justified?

Philippine law allows killing to defend a relative, but strict conditions apply. Learn the rules from the Galorio case.

Unreliable Eyewitness Testimony: When Flawed Identification Leads to Acquittal

The Supreme Court acquits an accused when eyewitness identification is unreliable. Learn the totality of circumstances test and key safeguards.

Cyber-Enabled Robbery in the Philippines: How RA 10175 Raises Penalties for Digital Extortion

Learn how the Supreme Court applies the Cybercrime Prevention Act to robbery committed through digital means, and why penalties are one degree higher.

Economic Abuse Under RA 9262: Intent Matters in Denial of Financial Support Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies that willful intent to cause anguish, not mere financial hardship, is required for economic abuse convictions under RA 9262.

Treachery in Robbery with Homicide: The Supreme Court’s Ruling in People v. Juada

The Supreme Court clarifies when treachery aggravates robbery with homicide and affirms conviction based on circumstantial evidence in People v. Juada.

Infanticide in the Philippines: Proving Guilt Through Circumstantial Evidence

Learn how Philippine courts convict in infanticide cases using circumstantial evidence, as shown in People v. Adalia.

Treachery vs. Abuse of Superior Strength: Key Ruling in Philippine Murder Cases

The Supreme Court clarifies how treachery absorbs abuse of superior strength in murder cases, and why self-defense claims fail against positive identification.

Attempted Rape with Homicide: Circumstantial Evidence and the Cabornay Case

The Supreme Court affirms that circumstantial evidence can convict in attempted rape with homicide, clarifying the standards under Philippine law.

Arson with Homicide: How Circumstantial Evidence Secured a Conviction

The Supreme Court affirmed an arson-with-homicide conviction based solely on circumstantial evidence. Learn the legal standard and key lessons.

Reasonable Doubt and Acquittal: Inconsistent Testimonies in Philippine Homicide Cases

How inconsistent prosecution testimonies can create reasonable doubt and lead to acquittal in Philippine homicide cases, as shown in Balina v. People.

When a Motorcycle Ride Makes a Killing Murder: People v. Padal Explained

A Supreme Court ruling shows how using a motorcycle to chase a victim can elevate a killing from homicide to murder under Philippine law.

Illegal Slowdowns and Union Officer Dismissal: The Polyson Case

The Supreme Court clarifies when a work slowdown becomes an illegal strike and justifies dismissal of union officers under Philippine labor law.

Rape and the Incapacity to Consent: Protecting the Intellectually Disabled in Philippine Law

Philippine law treats rape as a violation of autonomy, especially when the victim cannot consent due to intellectual disability. This article explains the key ruling.

Murder with Direct Assault: Supreme Court Affirms Conviction in People v. Estonilo

The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction for Murder with Direct Assault in People v. Estonilo, highlighting the role of circumstantial evidence and the weakness of alibi.

Vehicle Accidents and Utility Posts: Liability Under Philippine Law

Learn how Philippine courts determine liability when a vehicle damages utility infrastructure, including negligence, vicarious liability, and damages.

Evidence Rules in Philippine Administrative Cases: The Atienza Case Explained

Administrative bodies in the Philippines follow relaxed evidence rules. Learn what Atienza v. Board of Medicine means for professionals facing administrative scrutiny.

Acquittal in Rape Cases: Reasonable Doubt and Witness Credibility in Philippine Law

How inconsistent testimony and reasonable doubt led to an acquittal in People v. Bongat, a landmark Philippine rape case.

Incomplete Witness Testimony: When Death Before Cross-Examination Makes Evidence Inadmissible

Philippine courts generally strike out a witness's direct testimony if the opposing party never gets to cross-examine. Dela Cruz v. Papa explains why.

Immorality in the Workplace: When Personal Conduct Leads to Professional Consequences

A Supreme Court ruling shows how a government employee's extramarital affair constituted disgraceful and immoral conduct, even after resignation.

Grave Threats vs. Light Threats: The Caluag Case on Gun-Pointing in the Philippines

When does pointing a gun become a grave threat? The Caluag case clarifies the legal line between grave and light threats under Philippine law.

Treachery and Witness Credibility in Philippine Murder Convictions

How credible eyewitness testimony and treachery shape murder convictions in the Philippines, with lessons from People v. Dulanas.

Serious Physical Injuries in the Philippines: The Pilares Case Explained

Understand serious physical injuries under Philippine law through the Pilares case, including penalties, evidence, and self-defense considerations.

Proving Land Ownership in the Philippines: The June 12, 1945 Rule in Land Registration

Philippine land registration requires proof of possession since June 12, 1945. Learn the rules and the key case of Republic v. Carrasco.